【Special warfare writing material album】Thirteen mines and traps
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Special skills of blasting (booby traps and traps)
Development and evolution
In the previous lecture, we mentioned that the best hunters are usually the best vanguards, and similarly, the best hunters are almost always the best booby trap/trap installation masters, because they are related to capture. Animal traps are almost the same, except for some changes in size. Due to human evolution, the sense of smell, hearing and vision have been severely degraded. Therefore, installing a hunter's trap is often simpler than a trap for hunting wild animals. Therefore, from now on From a perspective, animals are not completely inferior to humans, at least they will not kill each other, but the reasons are often very ridiculous. Sometimes there is really doubt whether humans can really claim to be the spirit of all things!
With the development of human civilization, the form of warfare has also continued to change and progress. To put it bluntly, the technology and equipment for mass murder of the same kind are getting better and better. If the attack of a ferocious beast can kill the opponent, I am afraid that it will do its best. With the help of swords, humans can kill dozens of people and still have some remaining strength. The invention of guns has increased the number of people killed to hundreds. With poison gas and missiles, the number of people killed has been increased to tens of thousands. Hundreds of thousands. , nuclear fission weapons push people to the "highest level" of millions, or even tens of millions, and then humans will smugly boast about the progress of civilization, and then a group of silverfish (who call themselves academics) will talk at length. They published their research on the reason why humans are different from beasts, and they preached the truth all over the world that no one dares to say. In fact, the reason why humans are different from beasts is because humans are more beasts than beasts, so there is civilization, but this civilization is not They are caused by killing each other, and no one is willing to admit that war is the continuation of civilization, and civilization is the follow-up of war. In fact, the entire history of human civilization may be more appropriately said to be the history of war.
But no matter what, it is a fact that war has made the development of science and technology and technology grow exponentially. The development of various technologies, theories and equipment is even faster, and the most special one, which has developed alone, is probably the booby trap. , various strange weapons in ancient China, such as Ten Thousand Enemies, Wind, Fire and Mine Formation, etc. It is not difficult to imagine their special design and use, but the designer's ideas and peculiar appearance are even more suspicious. , and this tradition still continues today, just like landmines are no longer just buried in the ground waiting for people to step on them, modern landmines can not only be triggered by sound waves, surface vibrations or heat energy, but can also jump out of the ground and actively attack targets, destroying them. The force is even enough to shoot down a low-flying helicopter. The booby traps are not only detonated by trip wires, but can be detonated by the invisible induction of laser light, red light or photoelectric tubes. Moreover, booby traps are no longer made of explosives and waste in the past. The combination of cartridges is a specially produced professional cartridge. However, this does not mean that traditional hunting traps are useless. On the contrary, due to being overly accustomed to high-tech equipment, they often encounter such old-fashioned traps. The US military in the Vietnam War and the Soviet army in Afghanistan can prove this.
trap
For the sake of convenience, the booby traps mentioned in this article all refer to explosive ammunition such as gunpowder and explosives and their installation methods, while traditional non-explosive hunting traps are classified as traps to distinguish them. Let’s talk about it first Traps, generally speaking, can be roughly divided into three categories: capture type, hunting type and damage type according to different purposes. They vary according to type and area of use, but the general principle is to use Terrain, ground objects, ropes, spikes, boulders and trees, etc., combined with the elasticity of bamboo branches and tree trunks and their own gravity, are used in various combinations to lure targets into the trap area and ambush them with various ingenious strategies. The different uses are explained below.
capture type
This type of trap uses a large number of nooses, rope nets and elastic supports (tree trunks, bamboo branches, etc.) for the purpose of capturing and leaving alive. If used for military purposes, it is generally based on capture operations, but in attacks A large number of previous intelligence collections are also used in order to elicit the purpose of the intelligence from the prisoners. The key points to pay attention to when setting up this type of trap are the camouflage and the fixation of trigger points (see Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3 for details). In addition to dealing with enemies, it is also a very important trap in survival courses.
Hunting type
The main purpose of hunting traps is to deter, to paraphrase the Chinese, they are to "kill chickens to scare monkeys". They are made of a wide variety of materials and in ever-changing ways. Sharpened wood or bamboo branches penetrate and kill with elasticity or gravity, or they use the force of elasticity or gravity to penetrate and kill. The pressure of huge rocks and huge trees, and even the attack of venom, which can cause death or serious injury to people, fall into this category, and the application method can also be combined with a simple giant attack (as shown in Figure 4). A combination trap is formed by attacking through the enemy (Figure 4A). Although this type of trap is designed to enchant someone to death, the person who is ambushed may not die within a short period of time. However, after being ambushed, The cruelty and tragic situation not only caused extreme pain to the victims, but also made the bystanders unable to bear it, but they were unable to save them. They heard their cries in helplessness and saw their miserable conditions. Although they wanted to save, they were unable to do so, and they were filled with fear and fear. , not knowing when he will become the next one makes everyone worried, which shakes the morale of the army and disintegrates its will to fight, so as to achieve the state of defeating the enemy without fighting, especially in the mission type of interruption and blocking. , this type of trap can play the greatest role, and in encirclement operations, deliberately letting the enemy know that such traps have been set up in various large and small passages will also have the effect of psychological operations. Therefore, another use of such traps is It is a psychological purpose that creates fear in the enemy's mind.
Damage type
Being injured in combat will not only cause the injured to lose their combat effectiveness. In order to treat and evacuate the injured, at least two people will be required. Therefore, from a simple mathematical point of view, if one person is injured, the combat effectiveness of three people will be lost, and the wounded will lose their combat effectiveness. The psychological impact of the victims' cries of pain and the sight of bloody flesh on the friendly forces is even more incalculable. Therefore, damage-type traps that are non-lethal but make people lose their combat effectiveness have emerged. This type of trap is similar to The aforementioned fatal traps are quite similar in many aspects and have roughly the same purpose, but the damage-type traps have several more ways to use them. Take the trap in Figure 9 as an example. Once you step into this trap, the spikes from all directions will penetrate. Above the ankle, the position is just higher than the height of the combat boots, and it is also the location of the human calf triceps tendon. If the human tendon is damaged and not sutured as soon as possible, the tendon will naturally shrink and cannot be stretched or restored. In mild cases, the legs will be shortened for life and become lame. In severe cases, one limb will be scrapped and disabled for life. However, if you suffer such injuries on the battlefield, the wound will become infected and inflamed. If the condition is good, the limbs can be amputated, and you can still survive. , otherwise, we may see you again in the next life.
Of course, the usage and setting techniques of various traps are ever-changing and remain the same. The author here lists some well-known trap names that have appeared in various battles. Readers can imagine their structures and uses by themselves: Sliding machine (can also be divided into treadmills) There are three basic types: ??-type slipper, hook-type slipper and pull-type slipper), and the heart war gate (installed at the intersection of the surrounded position or the village that must pass through, focusing on the effect of publicity and killing ), double set score??, trapeze, crocodile mouth, wooden arrow cover, dog head chop, strange hand, sweeping sap, tiger mouth, hanging net, upside down golden hook, head needle, trick bridge...etc., if the above traps If you use it in conjunction with booby traps, then may God bless your enemies and give them a happy time!
booby trap
Strictly speaking, the setting of booby traps is inseparable from the setting of traditional mine arrays, except that the setting of booby traps is more sophisticated and cunning. Therefore, before talking about the special skills of various booby traps, we must first Understand various regular landmines (including anti-personnel mines, road and general vehicle destruction mines and anti-armor mines, etc.), road, open land and urban reclamation mines principles and position defense minelaying methods, and methods of blocking the movement routes of small/large units After completing these basic techniques and knowledge in the combat engineer course, we can develop higher-level booby trap setting and countermeasures skills.
The same as the introductory course in blasting, the first lesson in learning minelaying is to understand the structure, composition and action principles of various mines for different purposes, and then understand how to counterattack and dismantle them. Modern technology makes the structure of each mine They are all extremely precise, and bomb disposal has become an art. Even if the students are taught by the same instructor, each person's techniques, habits and hobbies will not be exactly the same, but what they have learned is the same, as if they are the same. Different software engineers will write completely different programs according to the needs, but no matter how different they are, the objects to be removed and the order must still be the same, so despite the small differences, there are still great similarities. Another point to mention is that in the selection of bomb disposal personnel, in addition to the basic IQ requirements, carefulness and stress tolerance are the focus of the review, and in the training process, physical fitness is another focus of training. Because the placement of bombs and booby traps is often very clever, you either have to climb for a long time or maintain a yoga pose for an hour to defuse the bombs. If at this time, due to lack of physical strength, the person cannot hold on and falls, Or if you are so tired that your hands are trembling and you cut the wrong thread, then you are really wronged.
anti-personnel mines
As mentioned earlier, modern landmines are no longer just buried underground waiting for someone to step on them. They have developed the ability to jump up, fly and explode people. For example, they became famous in the Yugoslavia-Bosnia battle. The "Jumping Betty", after being triggered, will jump up to the trousers area and then detonate, shooting out fragments and steel balls. Although it will not cause death, due to the long-term psychological influence of male tool worship, most male warriors are It would be better to die in battle or lose an arm and lose a foot than to be harmed at all. Therefore, the deterrent effect of landmines designed with this fear mentality is much greater than the actual lethality.
Another type of anti-personnel mine that must be mentioned is the Claymore mine (also known as Claymore mine, US military number M18). This directional anti-personnel mine can specify the attack direction according to the installation position and angle, and can be remotely controlled. It can be detonated, or it can be triggered by tripping. It has a large explosion area and high safety. It is widely used in all countries. The broad-blade mine is in the shape of an arc sheet. Its main ingredient is C4 explosive and 2500 steel balls. The convex surface is average. It is covered with steel balls, which is the attack surface, and the concave surface is flat with C4 explosive, which is the safety surface. There are two sets of foldable brackets below the projectile, two in each set, to facilitate installation. There is a fixed lighting above the projectile. , the expected bomb-receiving surface can be calibrated before installation. The killing range of the broad-blade mine is within 60 degrees directly in front of the attack surface. The range of 2m high and 50m deep is the effective killing zone. The maximum shrapnel flying distance can reach 250m, except In addition to personnel, general vehicles and trucks with weak armor layers are all attack targets. Usually the most ideal erection location is on a hillside or embankment. The ideal location is the attack surface with a depth of 50m and a drop of 2.5m. At this time, the principle is that the missile body is vertical to the ground surface. The broad-blade mine is in a non-explosion state when stored and carried. There are three detonating tube slots above the body, which can be installed after installation to maintain safety and remote control. The device uses electronic detonation and is shaped like a punch. After popping the safety spring, remember to press it three times, otherwise the power will not be enough to detonate. Many novices often forget this. If you want to use the trip wire, use The detonating detonator is different from the remote control detonator, which also needs to be noted.
There is another type of anti-personnel mine that must be mentioned, but it is relatively rare, which is the stick mine. Generally, landmines are usually round and must be pressed accurately into the sensing area before they will react, but human feet are not really able to If it is too large, the probability of being directly stepped on is not high, and if the mines are too dense, it will make personnel feel alarmed and not beautiful. Therefore, the compromise is to expand the pressure area, and changing the original configuration is the best choice. Therefore, the original disc configuration was changed to a long column rod shape, which not only increases the pressure area, but also increases the damage area. In the past, only one person may be unlucky if he steps on a landmine, but if he steps on a rod-shaped anti-personnel mine, But even the neighboring soldiers on the left and right have to pay with their lives for your negligence, and for the personnel equipped with these mines, this is a huge news. In the past, it was necessary to lay 100 mines in the minefield, and use rod mines. Finally, only 30 to 40 can achieve the same density effect, and the destructive power is expected to be greater. It is an ideal weapon. The only disadvantage is that it is too large to be distributed in large numbers and moved on foot or with light vehicles. For small troops, this is a serious fatal injury to combat troops.
Road and general vehicle destruction mines
In most military terminology, road and general vehicle damage mines are called large personnel anti-personnel mines, but this name is inappropriate. According to the standard explosion value, 2lb (0.9kg, pure TNT explosion power, the same below) ) is likely to cause fatal damage to the human body, and a charge of more than 20lb (9kg) is likely to cause irreparable damage to an armored vehicle, so a charge of 13lb (5.9kg) is used to kill personnel Is the ammunition too wasteful? Moreover, it cannot effectively damage armored vehicles. Therefore, the author believes that mines of this size should be reclassified as road and general vehicle destruction mines. In fact, most troops use this type of mines. As the name states, its structure and detonation action are the same as those of anti-personnel mines, but its size is a few sizes larger. Therefore, the group of semi-illiterate military preparatory officers who originally sorted out the classification of logistical armaments continued to classify them in such a mess, and Everyone has been using them in a confused way for so many years. In terms of application, road and general vehicle destruction mines and anti-personnel mines are often used together. Over time, everyone has become accustomed to it, but this is still not a standard classification method. .
The biggest difference between road and general vehicle-destroying mines and personnel anti-personnel mines is not only the size, but also the different activation methods. Most anti-personnel mines are pressure-firing, while road and general vehicle-destroying mines are not only pressure-firing. In addition to firing (the pressure can be adjusted to avoid wasting precious mine bodies on targets that are too small, which is not cost-effective), releasing (pressing once to open the safety, allowing the front wheel to pass, pressing a second time to detonate, blowing up the rear wheel), vibration Methods, magnetic induction induction, and acoustic frequency induction can all be applied to road and general vehicle destruction mines. The field emergency explosives mentioned in the previous lecture can also be used as road and general vehicle destruction mines, and the cost is lower, but road The laying method of road and general vehicle-destructive mines is the focus of the acceptance of the effectiveness of road and general vehicle-destructive mines, which we will mention below.
anti-armor mine
The applicable objects of anti-armor mines include all armored personnel carriers, combat vehicles, self-propelled artillery vehicles, armored battlefield rescue vehicles, armored ammunition supply vehicles, missile launchers and other vehicles equipped with protective armor. Of course, it is also applicable to general load-carrying vehicles. Due to the advancement of modern metallurgical technology, the ability of armor protection is getting better and better. Even the weakest top and bottom can withstand attacks from ordinary sub-caliber artillery shells and mines. Therefore, today's anti-armor mines are also more powerful. The current anti-armor mines have reached a charge of 35lb (15.9kg), but for the new main battle vehicles, they are still unable to immobilize them. The solution is to change the charge. Use the same quality but more powerful explosive to replace the original charge. However, since the mine charge requires solid storage, high stability, low cost and other requirements, there are not many alternative options, so two mines are installed. At the same point is another more common method. The installation method is to bury the first mine face down with the bottom facing up. After placing enough stones and bearing capacity to cover the entire mine body, place the second mine. The landmines are facing up. The two landmines are facing back to back and are covered up. If the landmine has a safety pin, it should be removed before burial, or if the landmine is a wire-controlled detonator, the detonation wire should be pulled out first and prepared for explosion. State, buried in this way, is to detonate the first mine when triggered, and because it is facing downward, the explosive force will push the first and second mines out of the ground, and the second mine will hit the armored vehicle. Detonate after the bottom is reached to achieve the maximum effect. Remember what was mentioned in the previous lecture on blasting that if there is no filling material when blasting iron materials, the charge amount needs to be increased by 30%. On the contrary, the same charge amount after filling That is to say, the explosive power is increased by 30%. In this way, the increase in explosive power will cause greater damage. This method is the simplest and most effective, and will be mentioned in the engineering courses of various countries.
Similar to road and general vehicle destruction landmines, the detonation methods of anti-armor mines are also divided into pressure-triggered, loose-triggered, vibrating, magnetic induction, and audio frequency triggering. Wireless remote control, wire-guided detonation and detonation can all be used. Trip wires can also be used for anti-armor mines. In addition, among the NATO member states, the decrees of many countries mention that Milan anti-armor missiles should be hidden behind trees, and trip wires should be tied to the tree trunks on both sides of the road. Due to the way it is set up to fire Milan missiles, it is also called an anti-armor mine (Anti-Tank Mine, ATM) in the teachings, but this should actually be regarded as an anti-armor booby trap, but no matter what, it is aimed at destroying tanks. The designs were all thought up by the Armored Hunting Team, but the key points mentioned in the instruction were not all unclearly defined things. For example, the layout of the thunder array was quite worth mentioning.
Road Preparation Principle
Whether it is people or vehicles, if you want to travel at the fastest speed on the ground, you can't go wrong by walking along the existing roads, and all roads are connecting lines from point to point. A country that is alive is the most reliable indicator for fighting. , but because of this, everyone knows that laying landmines on the road will definitely gain something. Depending on the target, mine arrays are usually divided into anti-personnel mine arrays and anti-vehicle (including armored vehicles) mine arrays. As with hybrid mine arrays, let’s first talk about anti-personnel mine arrays.
anti-personnel mine array
The marching formations of general troops have standards to follow, and the marching formations of special operations forces have also been mentioned in the basic chapter, but no matter which formation, they must walk along the road, let's talk about it first
Four versatile formations.
A type layout method
The minelaying position of this formation is the same as that of the wild geese in the group formation. A group of five mines are placed in an A shape, two on each side and one at the center vertex. Each mine is spaced 1.5m apart. Groups are placed in an A-shape.
The intervals are 5m, and each group is 5m wide. If the road width exceeds 5m, another group will be buried, but there will be a 1 to 3m drop from the adjacent group. Generally, there are 5 to 10 groups in a group, with a distance of 150m between each group.
The upper limit of the number of installations is 5. Generally, one group will cause engineers to clear mines, so there is no need to waste more ammunition, so there is no need to waste ammunition.
Two, three-type layout method
This formation is the same as the second and third defense formations. The formation is the same as the Olympic five-ring combination. There are three dice in the first row, with a distance of 1.5m between the dice, and two dice in the second row, with a spacing of 1.5~2.5m.
, the position happens to be the middle point of the gap between the first, second, and second and third pieces in the first column. The distance between the first column and the second column is 1.5~2m. Five pieces are in a group. The distance between groups is 3m. Five groups are in a group.
Each group is combined according to the pentagonal lines of a regular pentagon to form a large disk formation, and it is either combined in an incompletely parallel manner to achieve a complete blocking effect, or it is turned from horizontal to vertical to form a zigzag
Type minelaying formation (called C-type minelaying method in English-speaking countries), or a small plum blossom formation composed of three columns of two, three, and two, is a basic formation with many derivatives.
Rhombus
The shape of this formation is very similar to the non-commissioned officer armband of the US military, so it is also called "Surgon Barcode". Usually, 3 to 5 barcodes are placed diagonally upward from the road shoulder every 1.5m to block the road diagonally.
After roads 2 and 3, start from the other side. However, it should be noted that if our personnel may pass through this section of road, a 2m wide passage will generally be left on the shoulder of the road so that personnel and vehicles can pass through.
Of course, a minefield layout map must be prepared in advance to pass through the mine-laying section. However, because the route is S-shaped, some people call this mine-laying method an S-type mine-laying method. This type of mine-laying method is most common in mine-laying vehicles.
Projected mine array, and another more common type of mine array projected by minelaying vehicles is the disc type.
radiation mine array
This minelaying method is also called the
Projection, each tentacle has two tentacles, each one is 1.5m apart, or two groups can be overlapped to form a rice shape. This is very similar to the concentric circle projection chart of the nautical chart, so the name of projection mine appears.
When a unit uses it, it often uses a half-meter-shaped semicircle as a minefield. This type of minefield is also called a D-type minefield. This formation can be used in many situations. You will see it again.
its.
Anti-vehicle (including vehicle) mine array
It is not difficult to know the position of a vehicle walking on the road, it is just the wheelbase. The key point of the anti-vehicle mine formation is usually to restore the original condition of the road, especially the artificially treated asphalt road and stone road, because it must be pressurized during restoration.
, how to pressurize without triggering mines has become the biggest problem, and the different colors of new and old materials are also problems that need to be overcome. However, if these problems are eliminated, there is no need to consider the aforementioned problems on original roads or damaged roads.
, the most common choice of the first flight is the two- or three-way braid method, which is laid vertically on the wheel track lines on both sides, or with the four corners of the X shape located within the wheel axis line, and the middle of the tentacles is discarded.
That mine was buried in the middle of the road as a backup mine in case the vehicle did not follow the wheel axis line and drove on other roads. In addition, the mine was buried in the wheel axis line in a parallel mine formation, destroying two in one fell swoop.
It is also common to use front wheels. Anti-vehicle mine arrays are usually grouped into two groups to prevent the second group from being used when the mine body fails. The standard distance between groups is 1000~1500m, because once the road is
If the leading vehicle is attacked, the follow-up vehicles will be blocked. During the elimination period, the mine-clearing team will be dispatched to clear the road ahead. Deliberately widening the distance can relax the enemy's vigilance and make the mine-clearing team overworked and make mistakes. Of course,
Well, if you are smart, you will definitely ask what to do if the subsequent vehicle leaves the road and travels from a roadless area? Don’t forget, military vehicles usually have some degree of off-road capabilities, and this is what we will mention below.
open field mining principle
The open land referred to here generally refers to all flat land, grassland and hilly land suitable for vehicle movement, and the objects include people and vehicles. However, whether it is people or vehicles, the minefields are laid out with a wide front and multiple areas. The principle of overlapping layers is a general one, while the principle of dealing with personnel and vehicles is slightly different; let’s talk about the differences of personnel first; the flat terrain of personnel is blocked by horizontal single lines and multiple layers, while road mine formations are used at intersections and key passages. Any type will work, but generally the disc formation or the radial formation is the main choice. The focus of the open terrain for personnel is mine laying on the hillsides and hills. Generally, the habits and teachings of infantry require that the troops must obtain the commanding heights, so there must be something. Go upstairs and climb mountains. Therefore, deploying mines around hilly areas will achieve maximum results at the minimum cost. The general choice is to use broad-blade mines, because the attack surface of broad-blade mines is 50m deep, 2m high, and 60 degrees. When installing a wide fan, the principle is that the missile body is perpendicular to the ground surface. Facing the hillside with a drop of 2.5m is the most ideal position. The attack distance is based on the effective distance of the mine body. However, this method is not easy to detonate. , only an electronic short-circuit board is installed in the attack area. When pressed, a short circuit is caused and the pulse current detonates the thunder body. However, this method is easily detonated by static electricity, lightning strikes, wind, frost, snow, rain and dew in nature, so this method is only suitable for Short-term deployment in dry areas is not suitable for long-term passive deployment. However, another option is to use a human detonator to detonate. However, whether the detonator has enough time to move in or prevent a second wave of attacks is a consideration. The main point is that it is the best choice to use a trigger fuze for broad-blade mines and a complexly installed guide wire. However, because the trigger fuze is extremely sensitive, no matter which method of setting up broad-blade mines is suitable for long-term use, It is important to note that time is available and can only be set up before the enemy is expected to arrive.
Like personnel, anti-vehicle minefields also focus on hills in open terrain, but the difference is that vehicles are based on the principle of not going up hills, especially tanks. Because when the tank is upwards, the ground directly in front and below The field of view will be blocked by its own body and it will be impossible to see the situation ahead clearly, and the huge body of the tank is a perfect target when it is located on the hill line. Therefore, most of the tank field instructions repeatedly warn not to go up hills. Or it is located on a hilly line, so when the tank crew encounters hilly terrain, they will advance along the hilly terrain. On the one hand, they will not expose themselves, and on the other hand, they can also use the hilly terrain to protect the vehicle body. Therefore, anti-(armored) vehicles The mine array should be laid vertically along the contour lines at the bottom of the hilly ground. Each line of mines is 6 meters wide and laid out in a cross-block manner. The entire mine array is square, and the aspect ratio is 5:3 as the optimal ratio. The actual configuration is adjusted according to the terrain on site. However, due to changes in combat concepts, modern armored units rarely act alone. They generally cooperate with infantry or have exclusive mounted cavalry. Therefore, when burying anti-armor (armor) When using vehicle mines, anti-personnel mines also need to be laid simultaneously, and the ratio is one anti-tank mine with a group (five) of personnel anti-personnel mines. The anti-personnel mines are deployed in D type, and the anti-tank mines are installed in a semicircle. At the top, connect it like a champagne glass, but this is a highly explosive wine glass, so it is not wrong to say that wine is an intestinal poison. It is better to avoid touching this kind of wine.
Urban Area Mine Principles
The principles of minelaying in urban areas are the same as those in open areas. Just find the relevant decrees or field operation guidelines first, and then do the opposite. However, the principles of minelaying in hilly areas are the same. At the corners of buildings?? The main mines are mines, and all other surrounding roads that can be used as shelters are also the key areas for mines. The main mines are implemented according to the principles of road mines. However, most of the mines in urban areas are anti-personnel booby traps. , and the types have many weird designs, which we will mention again below.
position defense brefa
The position referred to here is a field garrison position, which is open, isolated and undefeable. Generally, such positions are easy to attack and difficult to defend, but for certain strategic requirements (such as an oasis in the desert, or transportation) (line pivot), troops must still be stationed, so it is still necessary to lay mines for defense. According to general teachings, the attacker must first use long-range artillery or air support firepower to blast first, and then wait for the counterattack firepower to weaken. Infantry combatants work together to attack the city, and then infantry cooperates with combat engineers for the final close encounter of the siege. Therefore, the principle of minelaying is reversed. (Armored) vehicle mine arrays are first deployed in the range of long-range artillery to destroy the artillery first. Of course, the location is the best shooting position of the attack position, which is long-range mine laying; then, several lines of anti-(armored) vehicles are arranged in the range line of armored combat vehicles such as tank guns, self-propelled guns, etc. on the periphery of the position to carry the artillery. For mine formations, the gap between the front and rear of each line should not be larger than 500m. Starting from the outermost layer of the position defense line, push outwards 1500m and start to use the wine glass matching method to densely lay out personnel injury mines and anti-(armored) vehicle mines. In one fell swoop? ? Destroy the invading armored combat vehicles and infantry. At the same time, within the 150m of the outermost defense front, use barbed wire, various traps, broadsword mines, and trip wires to pull anti-personnel grenades, or a grenade with 3 to 5 A combination of yellow incendiary bombs is used as a passive defense tool. In addition, as mentioned in the previous lecture, field emergency explosives, bombs, incendiary bombs, incendiary tubes and various emergency bombs can all come in handy at this time, and then in the defense line Inside, prepare a fire launcher (this can be DIYed by yourself), a heavy machine gun (the combination of bullet chains can be changed to a combination of armor-piercing bullets, tracer bullets, high-explosive bombs, incendiary bombs and general bombs, depending on the inventory of ammunition) , the best thing about this combination is that it can hit any target, you don’t have to change the ammunition chain, and you don’t have to consider whether it is suitable or not, just pick it up and shoot), mortars, grenade guns and personal light weapons, when these are completed Finally, all that's left is to wait for that moment to arrive. However, due to this combat mode, the consumption of personnel, weapons, equipment, time, money and morale on both sides of the offensive and defensive sides is quite staggering. Sun Tzu's Art of War's Attack Chapter Mentioned: "Therefore, the first step is to attack the enemy, then to attack the enemy, then to attack the army, and then to attack the city. The method of attacking the city is the last resort." Siege warfare is generally rarely used, but once used, it will definitely be praiseworthy. Jun Don’t you see that the greatest infantry feats in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, all occur in the desperate defense of the attack and selflessness?
Since the position is a point in the open space and there is no danger to defend, the 360-degree surroundings of the entire position are the focus of defense. Generally, the rice-shaped defense mine method is most commonly used, and the center point is the position itself, connecting the outer defense points. Achievements are the baseline for laying mines, and depth is as mentioned above. However, if time permits, cutting off the invading enemy's lines of communication so that they cannot send troops to attack is a clever way to draw money away from the enemy. The most basic approach is Lay mines along the route of travel.
The troops' route was blocked by Brefa.
The marching route of the troops is not necessarily a road, and the geology of minelaying is not necessarily soil. Therefore, the technology and difficulty of minelaying have increased a lot, and the choice of minefield size and location challenges the commander's tactical literacy, but it remains unchanged. In fact, the conditions for selection have been explained quite clearly by the military scientist Sun Tzu more than 3,000 years ago. Sun Tzu's Art of War says: "Warriors are deceitful. Therefore, if you can show your inability, use it to show it." Don’t use it, be close to show the distance, be far to show the near, use it to lure it, use chaos to get it, be practical and prepare it, be strong and avoid it, be angry and offend it, be humble and arrogant, lose it and work for it, be close to it "Leave them alone, attack them when they are unprepared, and take them by surprise. The victory of this military strategist cannot be passed on first." The choice in the minefield lies in "lure them with benefits, take them with chaos, prepare them with actual strength, and avoid them with force." On the four points, it is not difficult to first design favorable conditions, or to make other conditions non-existent, and then use opportunities to create chaotic situations on the march route. It can lead a large-scale army to a small one. At the assembly point, the mobilization of the troops itself is enough to make the dispatchers vomit blood. The situation is a mess. However, due to the assembly of the army, the defense is bound to be strong. Therefore, our side is only suitable for preparation, not action, otherwise it will be like hitting a stone with an egg. , when all the conditions are met, then attack the enemy unprepared and make the enemy continue to fall into the trap by surprise. Then we will have half the success.
The other half of the success requirements is the formation of the minefield. Since the target is troops, the shape of the minefield is determined by the enemy's formation. If the enemy marches with a wide front, the minefield will naturally be in the shape of horizontal strips or advance in columns. Naturally, the best choice is to lay parallel to both sides of the road and the center. If the enemy moves along a mountainous area, the base line of mines will be based on contour lines, but low places such as valleys and streams are not suitable. Landmines are laid to avoid the failure of explosives due to moisture. It is suitable to set up trip wires in the water and use broad-blade mines as vertical mines in dry places on both sides. The spacing of minefields will be adjusted according to the terrain. If If you can cooperate with the ambush troops, you can get twice the result with half the effort, and you can even use small things to achieve big results, and get the maximum results at the minimum cost. This is also the purpose of the establishment of special operations forces.
booby trap
The so-called booby traps are traps set up in places where the enemy least expects them, allowing the enemy to be harmed when they are most unprepared. However, because they use highly explosive materials, they are called booby traps. The simplest booby traps It is to use a grenade with the safety latch removed, and put other objects that will interest the enemy on the pressure plate. Once the enemy removes the pressed object, boom! May his soul rest in peace. During the Vietnam War, the Viet Cong Booby traps are often placed on the bodies of U.S. troops, and when other U.S. troops passing by want to help their colleagues collect them, their families will receive a notice stating that the son has done it for the sake of the country and the lofty ideal of human freedom and equality. Ideal and died gloriously for the country. Later, when the US military found their comrades on the road, they did not go to collect them. Instead, they fired a round with rifles to make sure there were no booby traps before going to collect them. Although this approach significantly reduced the number of people injured by human booby traps, it had a serious blow to the morale of front-line combatants, because everyone wanted to be the target of being shot by their colleagues after death, and the soldiers began to cower and fight. The situation began to falter, and finally the Vietnam War was lost.
However, booby traps are not necessarily designed to kill immediately. There are also booby traps that are fine after being used. During World War II, the German army on the Eastern Front discovered that Soviet soldiers liked to use captured German weapons. Equipment, sometimes even stick grenades that are too late to be taken away when the defense line is penetrated, will fly from behind and attack themselves. Therefore, the Germans deliberately made many grenades with ultra-short detonation fuses, usually after pulling out the bottom cover. At the same time, the lead rope connected to the protective cover will be pulled, and the lead rope is connected to a glass bead. When the glass bead is pulled, the paint on the surface of the bead and the inner tube wall will generate sparks due to friction (the principle is the same as (Materials are the same as safety matches) ignite the fuse, and the time from the fuse to burning the explosive is about 3 to 5 seconds. However, the detonation time of these modified grenades is less than one second. In some cases, the fuse is canceled and the explosive is directly ignited. These grenades exploded as soon as they were pulled, and the Soviet army was allowed to seize these grenades under various circumstances, allowing them to further understand how Germanic craftsmanship compared with that of the Slavs; and similarly during the Vietnam War, the US military's green hats Together with the SEALs, they also modified the captured CCP Type 56 rifle bullets and then sent them back. Although these modified bullets were intended to explode, they not only caused the Viet Cong to suffer a lot, but also used all their strength to attack the CCP. They protested why these unmanufactured things were given to the Viet Cong. For this reason, these two revolutionary comrades who were lovers of socialism were really unhappy with each other for a long time.
The design of booby traps is usually based on the most common and inconspicuous things. For example, when a person walks into a dark room, the first thing he does is to look for the light switch, so he removes the light bulb and moves it along the glass. Cut the joint with the copper ring, fill the glass sphere with explosives, install the copper ring, and put it back into the lamp holder. Once the switch is turned on, the sparks caused by the electricity will ignite the explosives. Well, a booby trap will do it. This is done, it is simple and easy to learn, convenient and easy to use; however, most booby traps still focus on the application of the trip wire, and there is still a science in this. The first is the setting of the position of the trip wire, low trip There are two most suitable heights for the horizontal height of the rope, 5cm or 15cm from the ground. Because most modern soldiers wear long leather combat boots, the position where the 5cm height will contact is the toe position, while ordinary combat boots The toes have been strengthened or hardened to some extent, and most of the toes have gaps between the toes and toes. Small touches from the leather toes are less likely to be directly transmitted to the feet or detected. The height of 15cm is the height of the boot opening and the position of the leggings. A layer of seams will be added to the opening of the boot to enhance the overall strength. There are shoelace holes and shoelaces in the front. With the leggings, two layers of trouser legs and long During this period of marching, the weight and friction of the whole body are probably the most undesirable and unfeeling parts of the body. Let alone a thin line, even if you kick a stone, you won't even bother to cry out in pain. At this time, people are tired and horses are exhausted. The best place to strike a mine, but the trip wire is usually either fishing line or thin steel wire, both of which will reflect light. Therefore, after installing the booby trap and trip wire, remember to remove the light. The usual method is to use lipstick type Place the camouflage paste on top of it, and place the fingers of the other hand under the guide wire, apply pressure up and down at the same time, apply the camouflage paste evenly on the line, and then wipe off the excess camouflage paste and you are done. However, it is still easy to expose the target to rain and dew, which is something to be aware of.
Another type of booby trap is much more complicated, that is, the anti-demolition booby trap. The characteristic of this type of booby trap is that it may be fine if left alone, but it will explode as soon as you try to dismantle it. The simplest design is the tension release device, as we mentioned earlier Most of the trip wires mentioned use tension devices. Both use strong springs to separate the two poles. The difference is that the tension device fixes the spring in the form of a latch. Once pulled open, the spring will spring the two poles together. However, in this method, as long as the guide wire is cut, the latch can still be in a safe position, while the tension release device directly uses the guide wire to pull the spring. If the guide wire is cut directly, the spring will be released, causing an explosion. If it is cut off, it is really annoying that the booby trap is still ready to explode. This is the struggle between the installer and the bomb defuser. As for who will win with the spear and the shield? It's really not necessarily true.