【Special Combat Writing Material Album】Twelve Explosion Parts
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Development, Origin and New Definition
Speaking of blasting, its earliest origin must of course be mentioned in the wisdom of the ancient Chinese, but every time I think of it, I will think of it.
The unscrupulous future generations have not only been overtaken in technology, but have also been forced to endure two hundred years of humiliation. Alas, China! China!
When will the country become stronger again? As early as a thousand years ago in the Tang Dynasty (682 AD), China’s great medical scientists
Sun Simiao recorded in detail in the "Sulfur Fu Method" in the "Alchemy Classic" the method of combining charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate.
After mixing at a fixed ratio of 15:75:10, the burning speed will be quite fast and stable, and a flame can be produced.
In addition to high fever, Danshis in the Tang Dynasty believed that sulfur contained strong poison and was "easy to fly" when caught on fire and difficult to "catch".
The general in the medicine must go through the fire to remove the black and brown colors and make it golden yellow, cinnabar color or snow white.
Using, expressed in the chemical formulas used today, this process is:
, and later discovered that if these mixtures were placed in a sealed paper tube and then ignited, a loud noise would be produced.
, because the sound is very similar to the sound of bamboo joints exploding after being burned in a fire, so this thing is called
Firecrackers have become an indispensable entertainment prop in Chinese festivals for thousands of years, and the mixture
It is the fundamental source of all explosions - black powder.
But the development of black powder took more than 1,300 years between its invention and its use as explosives for blasting?
time, among which
For nearly a thousand years, black powder did not become a serious military use. By the end of the fifteenth century, the Mongol army
They marched westward and created a huge empire unprecedented in human history. Its territory covered the five continents known to mankind at that time.
Four-quarters of the world's land area is one-half of the world's land area. In addition to the powerful Mongolian elite cavalry, it relies on another
The most powerful weapon is artillery. It stretches across Central Asia and reaches the city of Vienna. All the castles along the way are invincible to artillery.
The powerful destructive power not only broke the feudal castle system, but also ended the Dark Ages in Europe and began the history of civilization.
of another page.
However, the development of modern explosives did not begin until the 18th century. In 1771, P. Wolfe of England synthesized picric acid.
It was originally used as a yellow dye, not as an explosive; in 1832, nitroglycerin was produced, and in 1846, nitroglycerin was produced.
After the oil manufacturing process was also confirmed, in 1863, the Swede Nobel discovered that nitroglycerin could be produced through nitration.
After being absorbed by cotton, it becomes a stable explosive, which is today's TNT explosive (also known as yellow explosive), 1889
In 2006, RDX explosive (Hexogen, generally translated as Haisaogeng in China, and Hexogen in mainland China) was transformed into
Combined, the military use of explosives became more certain. After World War II, the characteristics of plastic explosives were similar to
The infinite application possibilities have brought the development of explosives to another level. With RDX and HMX as the main explosives,
The molded charge mixing mode using TNT and other polymer compounds as binders or polymerization agents has also become a mainstream mode.
, has not been changed so far.
In modern times, blasting has moved from its original military use into general civilian use, and is indispensable for mining and road construction.
First hand in demolishing houses and blowing up ships, because the demolition experts retired from the military?
There are more and more talents, and various uses have been discovered one by one, but
The method of blasting has also become a professional art. Today's blasting no longer simply uses explosives.
The use of physics has become an essential skill for modern demolition players, and the versatile skills combined with the site and materials
It also pushed the image of the Demoman to the highest level. The Demoman is no longer the weirdo who played with explosives.
Blasting principles and training
Demoman training begins with chemistry class. The first thing you learn is chemical composition. All explosives contain a variety of chemicals.
The first lesson is to combine or mix which items will become explosives. The first thing to learn is the chemicals themselves.
The stability and safety factor of modern explosives are mainly based on acidic substances such as nitro, nitrate ester and nitroamino.
All kinds of explosives are composed of substances as the main axis and can coexist safely and stably for a long time without rapid oxidation.
The elemental explosives in TNT (Trinitrotoluene, C7H5N2O6), HMX (Octogen.
Cyclotetramethyltetranitrate, C4H8N8O8), PETN (Penthrite), commonly known as Penthrite in domestic field units
, logistics production units such as joint logistics are translated as Bentel, while mainland China is translated as Tai'an, C5H3N4O12), RDX
(Hexogen, in China it is generally translated literally as Haisaogeng, while in mainland China it is translated as Hexogen, C6H6N6O6) and four other types
Basic elemental explosives. Except for TNT, which can be charged directly, the others are mixed explosives or treated with insensitivity.
It is loaded and used after treatment, and due to the stable nature and powerful power of TNT, all blasting power is based on the explosive power of TNT.
Comparative calculation of explosive power, and calculation of its explosion pressure, speed (m/s, ft/s) and power (kg/cm2, lb/in2, kn/in2
), and this is also the second lesson that Demoman learns - Mathematics.
Since all blasting energy is based on TNT, when blowing up items of the same volume and material, we usually
It is often said in terms of "how much TNT is needed", but in fact, most modern blasting explosives are no longer used.
Pure TNT is replaced by other new explosives that are smaller in size and more powerful. The power value of TNT has become a
Parameter value, for example, compared with the same metric ton of TNT and Octor explosives, Octor is equivalent to 1.5 metric tons of explosives.
TNT has explosive power, and when Octo Explosive is mixed with TNT in an appropriate proportion, it can be 75% more powerful than pure TNT.
In addition to stability, what is more important is that it can release the maximum energy in the shortest time. The two bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The atomic bomb used this kind of explosive to coat a uranium-235 sphere, which was used as a detonation source of atomic splitting energy.
Small in size and powerful in size, Octo is one of the best considerations for applications where volume is a consideration, such as bombs and cannons.
Military warheads such as bombs and landmines are made of military warhead components. Due to the advantages of simple manufacturing and low cost, the militaries of various countries manufacture and manufacture large quantities of them.
Using Octo explosives, in addition, the four basic elemental explosives mentioned earlier are used in different proportions and different combinations.
The power of explosives produced after mixing and combining is also different. When calculating these different compositions and powers, please
Don't forget mathematics, the mother of all sciences. If you didn't do well in school, you always struggled with mathematics and you still want to learn how to do it.
If it’s a bomb, well, remember to buy insurance first and name me as the beneficiary!
The third lesson in blasting is physics. Strictly speaking, it is structural mechanics. The main task of a military blaster is
Is it to blow up all obstacles and use the minimum amount of explosives to achieve the most effective effect?
is the priority consideration when executing tasks.
,The first question at this time is, what is the material and volume of the target? The second question is where is the most suitable blasting point?
How many? In the end, it’s a question of what kind of explosives to use and how much, so it’s common in TV and movies now.
All building blasting projects are the final result after several calculations. Often half of the project time is
After calculating the structural support points of the project and the amount of explosives required, the remaining half is the safety preparatory work and actual construction.
Time, and this type of project is also called gravity blasting, because it is actually the gravity of the earth that destroys the entire building.
rather than explosives, because after the supporting points are destroyed, the mass and weight of the building itself will crush its own structure, directly affecting the
Compared with the explosives required to destroy the entire building, the amount of explosives required may be less than one-tenth. By the same token, half of the
To blow up a sunken or stranded ship, the explosives used are mainly applied to the hull support points of the compartments and keels to
Produces the so-called "bubble effect". The name comes from the explosion pressure generated at the moment when the explosive is detonated.
The hull is lifted upward, while water pressure and gravity will push the hull down again. This dual effect, coupled with the increase in gravity
Under multiple pressures such as speed, explosive pressure, and water pressure, the hull will be squeezed, deformed, and the compartments will deform and break, and then
The hull was broken into several pieces, and then rested permanently on the bottom of the water. All of this was caused by the moment of detonation.
It creates bubbles, so it is called the "bubble effect". I believe that frogmen who have been trained in underwater explosions will understand this.
The principle is still fresh in your mind.
The third lesson of blasting actually needs to be subdivided into structural calculations of various materials, and for various possible applications in permanent
After being made of materials for permanent or semi-permanent military purposes, they can be roughly divided into three categories: wood, iron, and concrete/masonry buildings.
, and its strength is in the same order, wood is the lowest, iron is the second, concrete/masonry is the strongest, and if it is mixed
Buildings are calculated based on the main component, or half and half based on the stronger one. However, if it is a building made entirely of iron sheets, it cannot be used.
If the hollow building is destroyed by explosives, it would be a better choice to destroy it with air explosion. Let’s talk about it below.
Knowledge about blasting materials.
wood blasting
The blasted wood includes logs and building wood, and its basic shapes are round and square.
Dry logs, main beams, derivatives, straight columns, and columns are all within the scope of this section, and the types of blasting are further divided into external
There are two types of charging and internal charging. Generally speaking, if you want to make the wood fall in a specified direction, external charging is used.
The direction is the direction in which the wood is poured, unless the wood is too thin or affected by natural factors such as wind or rot, and the external decoration
In fact, the explosives are subdivided into cutoff charges and barrier charges. Cutoff charges generally refer to large, single and
Independent wood, while barrier charges are used when there are other factors around the explosive ordnance that can be used or do not need to cause complete
It is used when total destruction, such as gravity blasting of timber buildings, is used as obstacle charge; while internal charge should be
It is used when external cutting charges or gravity blasting cannot be used. Things to note when using internal charges are:
When the charge is too large to fit in one hole, it should be loaded in two holes in parallel. Cross or non-parallel charges are not allowed.
, and a continuous detonating explosive package should be installed between the two parallel holes, and attention should be paid to the detonation time of the fuze and detonator to ensure that the two charges
The bags can be detonated at the same time to achieve the desired effect, so as to avoid being unable to cut or tipping in unexpected directions.
Before using the wood explosion calculation formula, we must first explain that for convenience, the formula in this article is the same as the explosion calculation formula.
The calculation standards for medicinal dosage are based on materials commonly used by military regulations, and military TNT is measured in quarters of a pound (110g.
0.11kg) strips or 1kg (2.204lb) bricks are stored, while the quarter pound is abbreviated as eb, while the other quarter pound is abbreviated as eb.
One type of explosive commonly used by the military is C4 plastic explosive. Therefore, the calculation formulas used below will be based on this standard.
Used as parameters, the following formula is the standard calculation formula:
External cutoff charge
P=0.25D2, where P represents the required amount of TNT, measured in eb, and D represents the radius of the log or
The short side of the square wood is calculated in inches. This formula is the imperial calculation formula, while the metric calculation formula is
for:
K=D2/550
, where K represents the required amount of TNT in kilograms, and D represents the radius of the round wood or the short side of the square wood.
The calculation unit is centimeters; if using C4 plastic explosive, you need to consider the size of the blasting wood first. When the circumference is small
The formula for calculating the medicine at 5??5 inches (16.51cm) is:
P=C
, and when the circumference is greater than 5??6 inches (16.76cm) and less than 9??3 inches (28.19cm).
P=0.34C3
, where P represents the required amount of C4 plastic explosive, in lb, and C represents the circumference length, in ??
The unit of calculation, due to the plasticity of plastic explosives and the location of detonator insertion, is generally greater than one pound.
(0.454kg) plastic explosive is not easily detonated completely at once by a single detonator and fuse, and if more than one
detonators and multiple ignition fuses may cause safety problems, so targets that are too large are usually not
It is detonated with plastic explosives. In addition, plastic explosives are very powerful. If the volume is too large, it will cause serious harm to the blasting personnel.
Danger (because if the lead is pulled too long, poor signal transmission may occur), in fact, 3cm3
C4 plastic explosive (about the size of a molar tooth) can blow up a 2000 C.C. car beyond repair.
, so the blaster also needs to consider whether there is an overdose when calculating the charge, otherwise the consequences will be disastrous.
external barrier charge
P=0.2D2, where P represents the required TNT dosage, with eb as the calculation unit, and D represents the radius or square of the log.
The short side of the molded wood is calculated in inches. This formula is the imperial calculation formula, while the metric calculation formula is:
:
K=D2/700
, where K represents the required amount of TNT in kilograms, and D represents the radius of the round wood or the short side of the square wood.
, calculated in centimeters; external barriers and external cutting devices are often used mixedly, especially for multiple blastings.
time, but the influence of the fuze used, the detonation time and the wind speed caused by the air pressure difference all need to be taken into consideration.
Internal charge
P=0.004D2, where P represents the required amount of TNT, with eb as the calculation unit, and D represents the radius of the log
Or the short side of the square wood, in inches. This formula is the imperial calculation formula, and the metric calculation formula is
Then it is:
K=D2/3500
, where K represents the required amount of TNT in kilograms, and D represents the radius of the round wood or the short side of the square wood.
, calculated in centimeters; the key point of internal charging lies in the position of the charging, whether it is completely placed in the center of the structure
Place or be close to the force application point or resistance point, and pay attention to whether the depth of the drill hole is sufficient. The position and depth of the drill hole must also be
Calculation, for miners and road construction engineers, whether the construction of the "blasthole" position is perfect often affects the overall
Whether a blasting project is successful or not depends on the stability of the power of explosives compared to the stability of human construction.
There are many, and the size of the internal charge is generally not too large to facilitate construction and detonation. In addition, there are some things that should be noted.
Things to note, we will talk about below.
Iron blasting
The so-called iron materials generally refer to all I-beams, composite beams, steel plates, steel bars with a diameter of 2 inches or more than 6 centimeters, steel
Cables, steel ropes, iron and other building materials, and because the strength of the bomb itself is very high, we do not need to consider the internal decoration
The problem of medicine is always considered based on the external charge, and it must be a cut charge. Of course, the formula is also divided into English.
system and metric system, looking at the cut charge of a single iron material, the calculation formula is:
P=0.375A
, where P represents the required amount of TNT. The calculation unit in lb is slightly different from that of wood, which is
Because if it is represented by eb, the obtained value will be too high, so it is represented by lb, and A represents the cross section of the iron material.
Area is calculated in square inches. This formula is the imperial calculation formula, while the metric calculation formula is:
P=A/38
, where P represents the required amount of TNT, in kilograms, and A represents the cross-sectional area of the iron material, in square meters.
Divided into calculation units; and when blasting steel rods, steel cables, steel ropes, iron?? with a diameter of 2 inches or more
The formula is changed to
P=D2
, where P represents the required TNT dosage, in lb, and D represents the diameter of the round iron material, calculated in inches.
digits, this is in imperial system, the calculation formula in metric system is:
P=D2/14
, where P represents the required amount of TNT, in kilograms, and D represents the diameter of the round iron material, in centimeters.
In addition, if the object to be exploded is an iron material with a circular area (such as a manhole cover of a sewer), the calculation unit is
The formula is:
P=0.7854D2
, where P represents the required amount of TNT, in kilograms, and D represents the diameter of the round iron material, calculated in centimeters.
unit.
There are many things that should be paid attention to when blasting iron materials. First of all, you should pay attention to extending the explosives to the broken line, setting them on one side, and placing them on one side.
The charge should be placed at the largest cross-section of the explosive material to achieve the maximum effect. If the explosive material is too large, the charge should be placed at the maximum cross-section.
When installing in opposite directions, it should be noted that the charges on both sides should not be of the same height, and the charge on the side that is to be dumped should be smaller, and the lower charge should be lifted.
The detonation time is earlier, while the other place is equipped with more charges, which are higher and detonated later, so that the explosives can react as expected.
Toppling, the main purpose of this is to make it produce a scissor effect, and use its own mass and stress point changes.
Then the cutting is completed, which is similar to the principle of gravity blasting. In addition, the structural joints show irregular or non-complete geometry.
When configured, the explosive power will be weakened due to non-airtight or incomplete explosion pressure. At this time, attention should be paid to the amount of charge.
Raise the explosive and use equipment or external force to fix or pressurize the explosive on the explosive object, such as when blasting an I-shaped steel beam.
After the charge is placed inside, it is best to use a U-shaped object to pressurize the explosive so that the explosive is completely tight on the inside without
Let the explosive power escape from the gap between the explosive and the blast. Finally, whether using shaped explosives or plastic
Explosives need to be completely adhered to the object to be exploded. Paint, glue or joints can be used to achieve the appropriate sealing.
When strapping technology is used to fix explosives to the object to be exploded, and plastic explosives are used, attention must be paid to the safety of the explosives.
Average thickness, on average, the charge capacity is less than 5lb (2.27kg), the average thickness cannot exceed 1in (2.54cm
), when the charge capacity is 5~40lb (2.27kg~18.16kg), the average thickness is 2in (5.08cm) which is more appropriate.
However, these data need to be adjusted to suit various combinations of pressure charges. However, in buildings made of a single iron material, for example
Such as electric towers, iron bridges, suspension bridges, and railway lines, the data mentioned in this section can be directly applied.
Concrete/masonry building blasting
Concrete/masonry building materials, generally refers to all natural rocks, stones, mounds, artificial, brick construction, reinforced concrete
Concrete structure piers, bridge columns, walls, buildings, abutments and other permanent and semi-permanent fortifications, buildings, structures
Since there are so many combinations and strengths of ingredients, let’s first talk about structures with a single ingredient.
The imperial formula is:
P=R3KC
, where P represents the required TNT dosage, in lb (if P is less than 50, the dosage needs to be increased by 10%), and R is
Represents the radius of the destructive power circle in ?? as a unit, K represents the material resistance coefficient (Table 1), and C represents the packing coefficient (
Table 2), and the metric calculation formula is
K=R3MC
, where K represents the required TNT dosage, in kg (if K is less than 22.5, the dosage in kilograms needs to be increased by 10%), and
R represents the radius of the destructive power circle in meters, M represents the material resistance coefficient (Table 1), and C represents filling.
Coefficient (Table 2). The two formulas above refer to the use of a single charge and independent blasting points. If it is a large
The formula for calculating the charge of explosive objects such as walls or a large number of bridge piers is different.
If blasting a large wall or a large number of bridge piers, the charge calculation formula is: N=W/2R, where N represents
The number of charges, W is the number of targets, R is the radius of the power circle, and the calculation of the radius is based on the calculation of the charge
Determined, if the charge is in imperial units, the radius value represented by R is??, otherwise it is meters, and if in calculation
, when the N value produces a remainder, or is not an integer, and the N value is less than 11/4, the N value is 1. If it is greater than 1/4, the charge will be increased.
Number, if the N value is greater than 2 and the decimal is greater than 0.5, then the N value is added by 1. If it is less than 1/2, it is discarded and not calculated.
When expressed as a formula, the formula is as follows: 1N1.25, then N=1, and when 1.25N2, N=2, and when 2N2.5.
When N=2, 2.5N3, N=3, and so on.
In fact, the structure of the building is not that simple. In addition to pure concrete, it is also combined with I-shaped steel beams and steel bars.
, or built with various materials of different strengths. It is normal. Especially with modern engineering technology, building a building is pre-planned.
There are a lot of tricks like cast joint, T-joint, multiple bridge deck lamination, etc. What’s even more amazing are the bridges built with different technologies.
Sections can actually be connected together. The most obvious example is the viaduct in the Xizhi-Wugu section of the Zhongshan Expressway.
, a little more than 20km of roads and bridges were contracted by four or five different engineering companies with different bridge construction technologies.
Road sections are then integrated together. Due to the materials used, building configurations and strengths are all different, their blasting potential must be
It cannot be calculated using one calculation method. Therefore, what we want to mention is the calculation method specifically for the structure of the bridge.
Applicable pressure charge calculation method.
pressure charge
Pressure charging is a calculation method for blasting that is specifically targeted at the joints between T-shaped beams and columns of bridges and the bridge deck.
, Generally speaking, this type of structure will be a single-section structure composed of prestressed reinforced concrete, with bridge columns and piers connected below.
, upload the bridge deck, railway track, outside the Beili Bridge, the force application points of the general bridge are located here, that is to say, the bridge is blown up.
This is the most suitable thing to explode, and the calculation formula is:
P=3H2T
, where 3 is a constant, P represents the required TNT charge in lb, and H represents the height of the T-type compound plus the bridge.
The thickness of the surface is calculated in ?? units, and T is the width of the T-beam, calculated in ?? units. It should be noted that.
It is best to use the stuffing method for this kind of charge to ensure sufficient explosive power. If the stuffing charge cannot be used, the amount of charge should be
An increase of 30% to 40% is better, and the metric calculation formula is:
K=48H2T
, where 48 is a constant, K represents the required TNT charge in kilograms, and H represents the height addition of the T-type
The thickness of the upper bridge deck is calculated in meters, and T is the width of the T-shaped beam, calculated in meters. Please note that
It is worth noting that it is also best to use the stuffing method for this kind of charge to ensure that the explosive power is sufficient. If the stuffing charge cannot be used.
Then the charge amount should be increased by 30% to 40%, but in addition, there are many things to pay attention to when pressure charging.
When performing the pressure charging operation for bridge deck blasting, the required charge for each column needs to be installed on the center line of the column.
All charges need to be placed on the carriageway and arranged horizontally in the center of each bridge joint. If the bridge joints
When the attached coverings (also called rafters), joints or railings will cause obstruction to the charges connected up and down.
The charge can be directly placed on it without increasing the amount of charge; secondly, the calculation of the charge for pressure charging refers to the pressure
The explosion pressure generated by the situation, so the pressure charge is best to use a packing charge. If time, technology or other
When the stuffing charge cannot be carried out due to factors affecting the environment, the amount of the medicine needs to be increased by at least 30% to 40% to ensure that it is powerful enough to destroy
Exploded objects, and the filler can be filled directly with soil or sand. If circumstances permit, sand and soil can be bagged in advance and ensured
A sandbag with a thickness of 10 inches (25.4cm) is installed above the place where the explosives are set to ensure safety. In addition, the pressure charging
The explosive power can generally blow up a bridge deck twice as wide as the T value without adding any chemicals.
When
If the operation is correct, the bombed bridge pillar will be completely collapsed, so that the task can be completed.
Pyrotechnics
Most people, including many professional soldiers, do not know that arson is actually a type of blasting.
It can be found in the war history over the years that fire attack has always been an indispensable tactic in surprise attack tactics. In the history of Chinese military
Famous tactics, battles and fire-related ones are randomly picked up. For example, the Fire Ox Formation of Tian Dan's restoration of the country, and the Battle of Chibi during the Three Kingdoms period.
While war is a well-known example of modern special operations, fire attacks are part of a comprehensive mission of destruction.
, because no matter how powerful the blasting power is, it will only cause point damage, while the fire attack will cause comprehensive damage.
, Theoretically speaking, as long as there is fire, fire attacks can be carried out, and it is relatively safer for those who perform them.
Safety, because the spread of fire cannot be compared with the speed of explosion, and the evacuation of personnel is relatively important to the control of time course.
It is much higher. The destructive power of fire attack tactics is not only effective, but also thorough. It requires more manpower and material resources than explosives.
Destruction operations are rare, but for modern professional special operations personnel, arson is also a specialized and independent skill.
can be used, and the progress will be stored in the blasting training.
There are two major types of arson agents used in arson, one is military incendiary agent, and the other is substitute agent obtained from local materials.
, of course, the two can also be mixed. The most famous military incendiary agent is yellow phosphorus incendiary bombs, as small as hand grenades.
, air-dropped bombs ranging in size to thousands of pounds, with complex styles, but the functions are the same, as for the materials used locally.
It is even more abundant, from sugar, honey, flour, soda ash in the kitchen to soap and detergent in the bathroom.
Sulfuric acid, fertilizers in the garden and spare gasoline, diesel and other fossil fuels in the tool room can all be collected together.
It is a powerful alternative explosive or alternative incendiary agent, and arson agents can also be divided into concentrated
Type, dispersed and concentrated arson agents have the characteristics of high burning temperature and high viscosity, and can be used in a short time.
It releases a large amount of heat energy and is generally used to attack less flammable objects, such as equipment with metal surface covers, such as
Such as light armored vehicles; and dispersed arson agents can spread on the surface of the target, spreading the burning area and increasing the damage.
Effects, and the difference in these effects is mainly due to the difference in the process and results of preparing the arson agent. In order to ensure
Considering the confidentiality and safety factors, this article will fully describe the detailed ingredients, proportions, preparation and manufacturing process of all arson agents.
This part is reserved, but only the operation and precautions are introduced, if anyone who has not yet served in the military is interested in this.
After joining the army, you may wish to study in the underwater demolition brigade, airborne special warfare center, ordnance school ammunition department and chemical warfare school
Relevant knowledge and skills.
Generally speaking, the ingredients of military incendiary agents and incendiary bombs are calculated and deployed in advance, but the portability of troops
The quantity is limited, so special operations forces must prepare arson agents based on available local materials and develop a universal set of arson agents.
The modulation principles and objects, the most famous of which should be the so-called Nopalm, which is the most temporary
The main component of the combustion agent, and can be divided into fixed formulas such as Milk Pound, Milk Pound A, Milk Pound B, etc., which are provided for centralized type and divided type respectively.
It is required to be used in bulk and underwater operation tasks. General temporary combustion agents usually need to have at least three main components.
It consists of main fuel agent, viscosity agent and gasification agent. The main fuel agent functions as the main body of the combustion agent and generally has low
Ignition point, highly volatile flammable properties, such as liquid oil and solid gunpowder, etc., while the function of the viscous agent makes the ignition
The concentration of the incendiary agent becomes higher and difficult to flow, so that the combustion range can be set at a designated position and the equipment or equipment is improved.
The destructive power of the area; and the role of the oxidizing agent is to accelerate the process and time of oxidation and combustion, so that it can burn in the shortest time
reaches the highest temperature within a certain period of time and causes the greatest damage to the target. The application range of arson agents is very wide. The most commonly used
It is made into an arson bomb.
The types of arson bombs can also be divided into three categories: human-thrown type, instrument-throwing type and fixed-point type. In addition, due to the
Throwing incendiary bombs need to cooperate with other military services and are not only mission attributes of special operations teams, so they will not be mentioned. Human-powered throwing bombs
The types of incendiary bombs can be further divided into incendiary bombs and arson bombs. Incendiary bombs are represented by military yellow phosphorus bombs, which can be used for a short period of time.
It continuously burns with high heat inside the room and has strong destructive power. In addition to being simply used as an incendiary bomb, it is also often used as a ignition device.
The fuse used by arson bombs is used as a fuse. Representatives of arson bombs first recommend gasoline bombs, but this is different from ordinary people who directly fill the gasoline bombs with gasoline.
The method of inserting a glass bottle into a glass bottle and then plugging a piece of cloth into the mouth of the bottle is different. Not only does this kind of gasoline bomb have insufficient adhesion, but its burning temperature changes with time.
There is also insufficient time. A qualified temporary gasoline bomb for military use should be in the form of an emulsified gel, and it should be directly exploded with a collision fuse.
Or delay the ignition of the fuse instead of igniting the cloth, while the burning temperature of military gasoline bombs can be maintained at 600 degrees Celsius
℃ or above, compared with the combustion temperature of pure gasoline of 350 ℃, the relative destructive power difference is indescribable.
Instrument-thrown arson bombs are usually made from military-standard blasting tubes, shell casings, empty oil drums and other hollow metal materials.
Thermal bombs, such as TH3 thermite, are packed in cylinders and thrown with a device similar to the trebuchet of the Middle Ages.
Ignite with pull-type fuze or impact fuze, its burning temperature can reach 2200℃, which is good for various targets
Assault weapons, even if they are inside a tank equipped with NBC, the high temperature will not ignite the ammunition in the vehicle, but the human body will
It will be unbearable. In fact, such high temperature may even burn through and deform the armor steel plate, not to mention other
Well, since ancient times, various arson and long-range attack weapons have always occupied an important position. This is why.
Arson bombs are widely used, for troops on the move or during assembly, vehicle assembly/scheduling yards, weapons/ammunition stacks
Station or warehouse, supply or equipment preparation/concentration area, command post, fortification, stronghold, tunnel, bridge, aircraft,
Airport facilities, radar stations, wireless mine launchers, personnel dormitories?...etc., almost all military targets can be used
Use fire to attack, and for defensive positions, use arson mines, induced fire bombs, arson mines, and directional arson mines.
Thunder bombs are also a very good choice. In addition to being used as position defense operations, fixed-point arson bombs can also be used in transition operations and roads.
, it is also a very useful weapon in pass or valley blockade operations, night battles, raids and counter-attacks. Fixed-point arsonist
There are no absolute standards for manufacturing, but the field instruction provides several types using 30 or 50 machine gun ammunition boxes, 50-gallon
Oil drum, 155/105/81/75 artillery shell cylinder as container, gasoline, milk oil as main fuel, yellow phosphorus bomb, TNT
, C4, military Daytna explosive is used as the detonating agent, and is activated by a combination of detonator, fuze, detonating cord and detonator.
It is for troop members to refer to the deployment combination and use it according to the situation at that time. There is also a timed control activated by a timer.
Fire bombs, or field emergency arson tools and other equipment that are directly ignited by firearms.
The above are purely theoretical knowledge and numerical values, which account for about two-fifths of all blasting courses.
The remaining courses of Poshou also include: field practice, operation and installation, live ammunition testing and safety operation training, and another
Another key subject and progress is the setting and elimination of general booby traps, which is what we will talk about next.