The gunfire of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident shocked the whole of China.
On July 8, the Central News Agency of the Kuomintang issued a press release to report the Marco Polo Bridge Incident to the whole country. On the same day, most newspapers and periodicals in large and medium-sized cities across the country issued warnings, and the news of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident quickly spread throughout the country.
On the same day, Mao Zedong wrote hurriedly and drafted "The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Powered the Japanese Army's Attack on Marco Polo Bridge" and loudly declared: "Pingjin is in danger! North China is in danger! The Chinese nation is in danger! Only the implementation of the whole nation's war of resistance is our way out." Calling for armed defense of Pingjin,
Armed to defend North China, all Chinese compatriots, government and military, unite to build a solid Great Wall of the National United Front to resist the Japanese invasion!
On the same day, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Yimin, Xu Xiangqian, He Long, Dong Zhentang, Luo Binghui and other Red Army generals sent a telegraph to Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman of the Military Commission of the National Government, and the 29th Army, and also to the whole country, demanding the implementation of "National Military and Civilian General Mobilization, encouraging the 29th Army to
The Ninth Army fought to defend Pingjin." He also asked Ying to fight against the Japanese.
In the following days, the anti-Japanese wave came one after another across the country. Liu Xiang and other local military leaders also volunteered to fight against Japan.
On July 11, the Japanese cabinet decided to send more troops to North China and appointed Lieutenant General Xiangyue Qingsi as commander of the Chinese garrison to replace the seriously ill Anichiro Tashiro.
Xiangyue Qingsi was a native of Saga Prefecture, Japan. He graduated from the Army University for the 24th time. He served as the commander of the 12th Division of the Japanese Army in 1935 and the Commander of the Guards Division in 1936. Before taking office, he repeatedly told reporters in Japan that he would not expand the conflict.
However, after taking a flight to North Korea on the 11th, he conspired with the commander of the North Korean garrison and the veteran invader Shoichi Oiso Kuni. His brain became hot and his ambitions expanded. After arriving in Tianjin on the 12th, he began to expand the scale of the war.
On July 13, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a mass meeting from all walks of life in Xi'an to mobilize resistance against Japan. After the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an order requiring all units of the Red Army to take the initiative to reorganize according to the national army's establishment in regiment units.
On July 16, the national army also formulated a Ping-Tianjin battle plan, appointed Feng Zhian as the frontline commander, and organized troops to begin counterattacking the Japanese attack.
On July 7, Chiang Kai-shek, chairman of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government, gave a speech in Lushan, pointing out: "If war breaks out, it will be irrespective of north and south, old or young, no matter who is responsible for defending the territory and resisting the war.
You should be determined to sacrifice everything."
This speech by Chiang Kai-shek should be said to be the best one he ever gave in his life. It contains not only grief and indignation against the invaders for bullying others, determination to fight to the death, but also advice to the Japanese. Unfortunately, at this time, the invaders were full of ideas.
In a world of flowers and flowers, how can one listen to the bloody advice of a leader of a weak country?
Later, after the war, not only Japanese scholars, but also the war criminals who caused countless Chinese people to die under the bayonet while talking and laughing, also regretted that they did not listen to the advice of the National Government during the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and did not stop the aggression in time. But nowhere in the world
There are people selling regret medicine!
At this time, Song Zheyuan, commander of the 29th Army, still had illusions about the Japanese army and hoped to resolve the conflict on the spot. On July 18, Song Zheyuan met with Xiangyue Qingsi and negotiated the conflict between the two parties. Song Zheyuan did not know that at this time
, the 20th Division of the Japanese Army stationed in Korea was arriving by boat at starry night, and would reach Tianjin in two days. Xiangyue Qingsi looked at him like a fox seeing a rooster.
Liu Yimin, who is familiar with history, knows that at this time, the brothers of the 29th Army are fighting bloody battles on the Beiping-Tianjin front line, and the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are bleeding every moment. However, there is nothing we can do in a hurry. At this time, the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have not ended, and the Red Army is still
The Red Army, whether it was Yan Xishan in Shanxi or the Suiyuan garrison, would not let the Red Army pass through them to fight the Japanese.
It seems that, as in history, Chiang Kai-shek will not make the final decision on the reorganization of the Red Army unless the Japanese beat him hard. Only when the Japanese beat Chiang Kai-shek to the point where he can no longer withstand it and the Red Army urgently needs to go to the front, will he
They will quickly give numbers and urge the Red Army to move to the front line.
During this period, Liu Yimin seemed very calm. Firstly, he asked all the second batch of trainees from the Red Army University to graduate and return to the army. Secondly, he urged the logistics headquarters to reserve supplies, especially penicillin produced by pharmaceutical factories, as much as they needed, so that each division
, the regiment hospital has sufficient medicines.
On July 13, after the central government ordered all units to make changes according to the national army's establishment, Liu Yimin immediately issued an order to reorganize each division into a brigade. Each brigade has three combat groups, one supplementary group, an artillery battalion, and a heavy machine gun battalion directly under the brigade.
Cavalry battalion, engineer battalion, baggage battalion, guard battalion, reconnaissance company, communications platoon, field hospital. Each regiment has three infantry battalions and one fire support battalion. The regiment is directly affiliated with the engineer company, baggage company, guard company, reconnaissance platoon, and communications platoon.
Each battalion has three companies, a fire support company, a reconnaissance squad and a communications squad directly under the battalion. Each company has a fire platoon, equipped with heavy machine guns and mortars. The whole army is organized into 7 infantry brigades, one cavalry brigade and one artillery brigade.
, the engineering regiment directly under the corps, the heavy machine gun regiment, the baggage regiment, the guard regiment, the new regiment, the special agent battalion, the reconnaissance battalion, the communications battalion, and the field hospital.
As for the designation, since the negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek have not ended, the Red Army cannot truly reorganize, so it is impossible to have a designation for the National Army. Regarding this issue, Liu Yimin, who came from a later generation, did not care at all. He knew that Chiang Kai-shek would not be able to give enough designations.
It was sufficient to give them several numbers. According to the current strength of the Red Army, those old Red Army troops could not be divided. Therefore, Liu Yimin directly organized his seven infantry brigades into one, two, three, four, five, and six.
Seven brigades. Among them, the 11th Division was renamed the 1st Brigade, the 12th Division was renamed the 2nd Brigade, the 13th Division was renamed the 3rd Brigade, the 1st Division was renamed the 4th Brigade, the 2nd Division was renamed the 5th Brigade, and the 3rd Division was renamed the 6th Brigade.
The Fourth Division was renamed the 7th Brigade. Each regiment was also numbered uniformly. From the 1st Regiment to the 21st Regiment, the supplementary regiments were still called the supplementary regiments of each brigade.
The Xi'an Garrison District troops were reorganized into the Xi'an Garrison Brigade, the 25th Red Army was reorganized into the Shangluo Garrison Brigade, and the 27th Red Army was reorganized into the Yan'an Garrison Brigade.
The Red Army University was also renamed the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University.
This whole compilation shocked Liu Yimin. The 11th, 12th, and 13th Divisions all had more than 12,000 men. The four independent divisions were also unambiguous, all with about 9,500 men. Even the artillery division and the cavalry division had also reached the number of 12,000.
There are more than 6,000 people. Including the directly affiliated troops, the entire army has reached 93,600 people. This does not include the newly reorganized Xi'an Garrison Brigade, Yan'an Garrison Brigade, Shangluo Garrison Brigade and the county garrison forces pulled up by various forces. If added to
Together, I'm afraid there will be 110,000 to 20,000 people.
After thinking about it for a while, I realized that it was normal for the army to develop so quickly. After occupying Shaanxi, land reform and reclamation were implemented, which solved the food problem. The people of Shaanxi were highly motivated to join the army. In addition, there were a lot of refugees flowing in last year, and I did not limit the number of troops, weapons, etc.
It is sufficient, so all the troops are naturally expanding. Besides, the entire Shaanxi Province is basically garrisoned by its own Seventh Army Corps, and the troops have won consecutive battles. It would be strange if they can't recruit troops!
Historically, when the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, there were only more than 40,000 people, which was only one-half of the Seventh Red Army. Now that he has so many people in his own army, Chiang Kai-shek wonders how he would give the Red Army a designation?
Originally, we thought of leaving the Third Division and the Fourth Division to guard Shaanxi. Now we see that it is a waste to leave such a powerful force in the rear. If the whole army is brought up, plus I am familiar with history, the Japanese offensive route, and the supplies
, the airport, headquarters, and artillery positions are well known, and there are top-notch special tactics for this era and the first-rate firepower of the Chinese army. Let alone the second-rate Japanese garrison, it is his permanent division. As long as it is planned well
, concentrating the strength of the entire army to kill his entire regiment in one battle is the same as killing him. If you are lucky, it shouldn't be a big problem to kill his entire brigade. However, the Japs at this time are all old Japs, and their individual combat capabilities are extremely strong.
Basically, one shot is a life, and the casualties of your own troops will probably be huge. However, in order to fight the Japanese, it is normal to have high casualties. How can there be victory without sacrifice? If nothing else, if the Japanese can be eliminated one regiment at a time,
If a little adds up, the situation of the War of Resistance will be greatly improved before long.
The more he thought about it, the more excited he became, so Liu Yimin went directly to the headquarters to find the chairman and the others.
When I arrived at the headquarters of the Red Army, I saw that the Chairman was drafting a telegram to Vice Chairman Zhou. The content was about the reorganization of the Red Army during the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Mao Zedong instructed in the telegram that it does not matter if the number is smaller, the key is to decide as soon as possible. We cannot miss going to the Anti-Japanese Front.
Chance.
After Mao Zedong finished writing the telegram, he asked Liu Yimin about his views on the war in North China. Liu Yimin replied: "The chairman has already made a conclusion, why bother asking me?"
Mao Zedong took out his cigarettes, threw one to Liu Yimin, lit one himself, took a puff, and sighed: "It seems that Peiping and Tianjin cannot be defended. If Wanping City is lost, Peking will fall."
It’s just a matter of time. It’s a five-hundred-year-old capital!”
Liu Yimin was also in a panic, but he was not here to express his feelings. He quickly changed the subject and reported to the chairman the situation of the reorganization of the troops. He asked the central government to approve that the Seventh Army Corps would no longer be responsible for the defense of Shaanxi. As the first echelon of our army, it would rush to the anti-Japanese front line.
, go to enemy lines to open up base areas.
Mao Zedong knew that Liu Yimin had been preparing for the Anti-Japanese War, ever since he occupied Chengdu, and he had never forgotten to go north to fight against the Japanese. However, he was worried that he was young and energetic, and would challenge the Japanese army and wipe out all the troops. He asked him how he planned to fight after arriving at the front line.
Liu Yimin knew what the Chairman was worried about as soon as he heard it, because after the Battle of Pingxingguan in history, the Chairman was heartbroken and suffered too much loss of cadres. He repeatedly called for guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines and no longer advocated mobile warfare and annihilation warfare, his specialties. Of course, at that time, it was because of the Eighth Route Army
We are too weak to afford the losses. If the losses were serious, not to mention the Japanese, even the anti-communist upsurge set off by Chiang Kai-shek could knock our army back to the old society.
After sorting out his thoughts, Liu Yimin said: "The actual gap between China and Japan determines that this war must be a protracted war. The Japanese army pursues a quick victory and a quick decision, while we have to trade space for time. As long as we survive
In the past few years, the Japanese devils will undoubtedly be defeated. Therefore, I think that the Japanese devils are now in great momentum. On the big side, they must persist in guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, supplemented by ambushes and attacks. The annihilation war, accumulating small victories into big victories, consumes
The Japanese army then established a solid base area, mobilized the masses, and fought a people's war. The top priority was to give the arrogant Japanese army a head-on blow at the right place and inspire the people across the country to resist Japan. Otherwise, under the powerful attack of the Japanese army, the national army
Once defeated, traitors and puppet troops will soon appear, and there will even be a situation where generals are surrendered like hairs and troops are surrendered like waves, which will make our war of resistance even more difficult."
Mao Zedong was very satisfied after hearing this and asked him to mobilize immediately after returning and be ready to attack. As for the defense issues in Hanzhong, Weinan, Tongchuan, Yulin and other places, don't worry, the Kuomintang will not attack us again for the time being. One, three, five
The army and the main force of the Fourth Front Army are too far away from the front line, and the central government is considering letting them concentrate in Xi'an. Liu Zhidan's 27th Army is temporarily transferred to the direction of Yulin. The 2nd and 6th Red Army can be sent to the Weinan direction, and the 1st, 3rd, and 5th Army can gather in Xi'an and surrounding areas.
The Gansu side will be handed over to the Ninth Army of the Red Army, and the northern and eastern Sichuan areas will be handed over to the Fourth Front Army. The Seventh Army can take the lead and concentrate its main force near Hancheng on standby.
Liu Yimin also proposed to the chairman that he resign as commander of the Shaanxi Provincial Military Region and president of the Red Army University.
Mao Zedong thought for a while and said: "It is inevitable for the time being. We will wait until a new base area is established in the future."
After the matter was finished, Liu Yimin saluted and left.
Returning to the Corps Headquarters, Liu Yimin immediately issued orders. First, he ordered the Plateau First Brigade and Hong Chaoyuan's Fifth Brigade to temporarily hand over the Tongguan defense line to the Shangluo Guard Brigade formed by the 25th Red Army, and to assemble towards Hancheng and stand by. Second, he ordered the Corps
The directly affiliated troops, Liu Jianshe's 2nd Brigade stationed in Xianyang and Zhang Hongtao's 6th Brigade stationed in Tongguan, assembled towards Hancheng. The third order was to order Liu Zhidan's Yan'an Garrison Brigade to move to Yulin to take over the defense of the cavalry brigade, and the cavalry brigade was to assemble towards Hancheng. The fourth order was to
Zeng Zhao mobilized a group of technicians and workers from the arsenal to accompany the Leiming 4th Brigade to cooperate with the army's supply plan and escort the ammunition from the arsenal to assemble in Hancheng. The 4th Brigade Hanzhong Defense handed over the defense of Hanzhong to the county guard regiments. Fifth, he ordered Li Qing's Third
Brigade, Chen Dayong’s Fourth Brigade is responsible for the logistics support of various units.
Since Chiang Kai-shek has been reluctant to agree to the Red Army's reorganization plan, and the situation is becoming more and more critical, the Communist Party and the Red Army must stand at the forefront of the entire nation's war of resistance, and reorganization is imperative. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China plans to temporarily organize the army according to the Kuomintang on August 1.
The division staff will be reorganized.
On July 29, the 29th Army withdrew from Peiping, and Pingjin fell. Although Song Zheyuan had agreed with the Japanese army that no troops could be stationed in the city when he evacuated Peking, and the Japanese army verbally agreed, on August 10, the Japanese army still entered Beiping and began their bloody rule.
After the Japanese army occupied Pingjin, they divided their troops into three groups and continued their attacks along the Pingsui Railway, Pinghan Railway, and Jinpu Railway.
On August 9, in view of the increasingly serious situation, the Nationalist Government decided to hold a national defense conference and invited the Communist Party to participate. The central government sent Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Ye Jianying to fly to Nanjing to attend the conference and continue negotiations with the Kuomintang.
The development of the situation no longer allowed Chiang Kai-shek to argue. On August 13, the Japanese army created the "August 13th Incident" and launched a large-scale attack on Shanghai. The extremely tragic "August 13th Songhu Anti-Japanese War" began. In order to deal with the crisis,
The Nationalist Government issued the "Declaration of Self-Defense and Anti-Japanese War" on August 15, issued a general mobilization order, and mobilized elite troops to fight in the direction of Shanghai. Chiang Kai-shek also requested the CCP to agree to send the main force of Xue Yue's troops in Qinghai through Xi'an and return to Kaifeng by train to stand by.
The deterioration of the situation finally allowed the two parties to reach an agreement. Not to mention other terms such as obeying the leadership of Chairman Chiang Kai-shek. As for the CCP, the Red Army withdrew from eastern Sichuan and Mianyang, using Guangyuan, Gannan, and Shaanxi as its base areas, and the main force quickly moved to North China.
Anti-Japanese Front. As for the national government, the Shaanxi Anti-Japanese Democratic Government was renamed the Shaanxi Anti-Japanese Special Zone Government of the Republic of China, and the Red Army was renamed the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. It established a general headquarters with jurisdiction over three divisions: the 115th Division, the 129th Division, and the 120th Division, each with three brigades and nine brigades.
Regiments, military pay, and ammunition are allocated by the National Government. The Shaanxi Anti-Japanese Special Zone Government of the Republic of China also established four local security force divisions: a garrison division, a security division, an independent division, and an instructional division. Each division has three brigades and nine regiments, military pay, weapons and ammunition.
It is self-funded by Shaanxi. The above seven divisions are all included in the second theater sequence. The chief and deputy commanders, chief of staff, director of the political department and commanders of each division are determined by the CCP and reported to the National Government for record.
On August 21, Chiang Kai-shek signed the "Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty" with the Soviet Union. On the 22nd, the Military Commission of the National Government announced that the Red Army would be reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and appointed Zhu De as commander-in-chief and Peng Dehuai as deputy commander-in-chief. Zhu De also served as the eighth route army.
Deputy Commander-in-Chief, World War II Area.
From August 22 to 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau in Xi'an. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Luo Fu, Bo Gu, Chen Yun, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, Zhang Hao, Nie Rongzhen, He Long, Xiao Ke, Liu Yimin, Luo Ronghuan
, Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, Dong Zhentang, Li Zhuoran, Luo Binghui, He Changgong, Zhang Wenbin, Xiao Jinguang, Lin Boqu, Zhou Jianping, Fu Zhong, etc. attended the meeting. There was only one topic on the meeting, which was to study the adaptation of the Red Army.
Liu Yimin sat in a corner of the conference room, listening to everyone's speeches and thinking silently in his heart. Due to his arrival, not only did the strength of the Red Army greatly increase, but also there were so many more numbers during the reorganization. It turned out that the three divisions were all C divisions, and the two brigades and four
Regiment system. Although there are still three regular divisions, they are all A divisions of the third brigade and nine regiments. Of course, the original designations of these divisions were the C divisions of the Northeast Army. It is estimated that Chiang Kai-shek is in urgent need of the Red Army to go to the front line. The Red Army
The strength was still there, forcing him to do this. It should be the result of the compromise between Chiang Kai-shek and Vice Chairman Zhou.
The problem is that none of these three divisions can take the turn of the Seventh Army. Not to mention the First Army, it must still be the 115th Division. Although the Second Front Army is much weaker, with the chairman's good balancing skills, the 120th Division must be theirs.
The Fourth Front Army is also strong in men and horses, and the main force must still be organized into the 129th Division. The remaining four main armies of the Third Army, the Fifth Army, the Seventh Army, and the Ninth Army can only be organized into the Shaanxi Local Garrison Division. Although in terms of strength, the Red Army has seven
The legion is the strongest, and one legion is more than enough to defeat both of them, but this is not entirely a matter of strength. You can't compete with the first legion, the second front army, and the fourth front army for establishment, right?
The remaining four local garrison divisions, the independent division, the security division, and the instructor division are annoying to hear. However, I am afraid that the garrison division and the security division among them will stay in Shaanxi. I have to go to the front line.
, have already made preparations and are waiting to deal with the Japanese. However, going to the front line in the name of a Shaanxi garrison division or a Shaanxi security division is really easy to dampen the enthusiasm of cadres and soldiers.
It's not good to fight over this kind of thing, it's impossible not to fight. What should I do? If it really doesn't work, I don't want the designation, so I go to the front line in the name of the advance column of the Eighth Route Army. When Shanxi, Hebei, and Shandong are occupied, I will directly reorganize the troops.
Make up several divisions in one breath!
On August 25, the reorganization plan was finally released. The 1st Red Army Corps and the 25th Red Army Corps were reorganized into the 115th Division, with Lin Biao as the division commander, Nie Rongzhen as the deputy division commander and director of the Political Training Department, and Chief of Staff Zhou Kun; the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps,
The 27th Red Army and the 33rd Red Army of the Fourth Front Army were reorganized into the 120th Division, with He Long as the division commander, Xiao Ke as the deputy division commander, Chief of Staff Zhou Shidi, Director of the Political Training Department Guan Xiangying, and Deputy Director Liu Zhidan; the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army
The main Fourth Army, Ninth Army, Thirty Army, Thirty-first Army, and Thirty-second Army were reorganized into the 129th Division, with Liu Bocheng as the division commander, Wang Shusheng as the deputy division commander, chief of staff Ni Zhiliang, and Zhang Hao as the director of the Political Training Department; the Red Third Army was reorganized into an independent division.
Division, Xu Xiang is the former division commander, Yang Shangkui is the deputy division commander, Deng Ping is the chief of staff, and Chen Changhao is the director of the Political Training Department; the fifth Red Army Corps is reorganized into the Garrison Division, Dong Zhentang is the division commander, and Li Zhuoran is the director of the Political Training Department. The Seventh Red Army Corps is reorganized into the instructor division.
Liu Yimin served as the division commander, Zeng Zhongsheng served as the chief of staff, Luo Ronghuan served as the director of the Political Training Department, and Cai Zhong served as the deputy director; the Ninth Red Army Corps and the Xi'an Garrison District were reorganized into the security division, Luo Binghui served as the division commander, Guo Tianmin served as the chief of staff, He Changgong served as the director of the political training department, and Huang Su served as the deputy director.
After the reorganization plan was announced, some comrades suggested that the number of instructors was too large and did not comply with the rules of three brigades and nine regiments. They should be broken down into parts and incorporated into other divisions to make the strength of each division relatively balanced. As soon as this was said, it immediately caused a stir
The resonance of individual comrades. Some comrades in the conference room began to whisper.
Liu Yimin was already very angry. Excellent troops such as the Third Army, the Fifth Army, the Ninth Army, and the Seventh Army had all been transformed into local garrison formations. He was scolding Chiang Kai-shek as a bastard. The Sichuan Army had organized several group armies. Why?
Can't the Red Army be organized into several armies? The combat effectiveness of my Seventh Army is more powerful than that of several armies of the Sichuan Army. Just as he was thinking about it, when he heard this, Wuminghuo rushed straight up. He knew that even though they were all Red Army, they were all
We are party members and all comrades, but the party is not monolithic, and some things cannot be settled without dispute. He stood up directly and said: "The Red Seventh Army does not need the establishment of the Kuomintang. Please ask the central government to take back the establishment of instructors of the Red Seventh Army and let them
To the brother troops, we are allowed to operate in the name of the Eighth Route Army Advance Column, raise our own funds, and raise our own weapons and ammunition. We don’t want anything from Chiang Kai-shek or the central government. Is that okay with the headquarters?”
Luo Ronghuan was so panicked that he hurriedly pulled him to sit down.
Mao Zedong spoke: "For this adaptation, the Kuomintang gave us a small number. According to our strength, even seven armies are not excessive. But there is no way, Chairman Chiang will not give it! Now the Japanese invaders have begun a full-scale attack
, how many compatriots have become slaves of the Japanese. What we need now is to go to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War and have the opportunity to develop behind enemy lines. When we go to the front line, the troop establishment will be secondary. As long as we defeat the Japanese aggressors, all problems will be solved
Easy to solve!”
After the meeting, Luo Ronghuan said that Liu Yimin should not have said that at the meeting, which seemed petty. Liu Yimin said to himself, there are a lot of troubles in the party. Kang Sheng has not come back yet. You will know when Kang Sheng comes back. I want to think about it.
Without any excuse, he and Luo Ronghuan went back to the army.