Han Sui was a cautious person. He did not support Ma Teng's opinion of marching eastward. Instead, he said: "Liangzhou is troubled. Although the Qiang people have surrendered, there is no guarantee that they will not rebel again. The matter of marching eastward can be decided again."
A few months later, the emperor's envoy came to convey the order, ordering Ma Teng to enter the capital.
Ma Teng thought that the emperor was going to conspire with him to rebel against Cao Cao, and he was about to leave happily, but his son Ma Chao said: "Father, don't go, this must be a treacherous plot by Cao's thieves."
Ma Chao is brave and foolhardy, as can be seen from his history, but a public case makes people doubt his character.
As early as the last year of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, Ma Teng and Bian Zhang, Han Sui and others in Xizhou started a rebellion. In the third year of Chuping, Ma Teng and Han Sui led their troops to Chang'an. The Han court at that time recruited them and granted Han Sui the title of
General Zhenxi was stationed in Lanzhou, Jincheng. Ma Teng was named General Zhengxi and stationed in Yi County. That year, Ma Teng attacked Li Jue and others in Chang'an again. As a result, the army was defeated and he retreated to Liangzhou. When Cao Cao came to power, he sent Zhong Yao to serve as the general.
When Sili Xiaowei stationed in Chang'an and took control of the Guanzhong area, Zhong Yao wrote to Han Sui and Ma Teng respectively. He stated their interests and resolved the conflict between Han Sui and Ma Teng. Ma Teng sent his eldest son Ma Chao to lead an army to assist Zhong Yao.
Pingyang attacked Gao Gan, and Guo Yuan was under Yuan Shao's men. In this battle, Ma Chao's general Pang De killed the enemy's general Guo Yuan in the formation.
Ma Teng, also known as Shoucheng, is a descendant of Ma Yuan. During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, Ma Teng's father, Ma Su, served as the captain of Langan County in Tianshui at that time. After losing his official position, he stayed in Longxi and lived among the Qiang people.
Together, because his family was poor and he had no wife, he married a Qiang woman and gave birth to Ma Teng. Ma Teng was poor when he was young and had no property, so he often cut down trees from the Zhangshan Mountains and carried them to the city to sell them to make a living. Ma Teng
He is more than eight feet tall, has a strong build, and has a handsome face and nose that is different from ordinary people. However, he has a kind personality and treats people sincerely, so many people respect him. In the last years of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, Geng Bi, the governor of Liangzhou at that time, appointed many dirty officials, which led to
The Min Kingdom and the Qiang and Di people under Liangzhou rebelled, and riots occurred. At that time, the Shandong Yellow Turban Uprising occurred. So Liangzhou recruited warriors from the people to fight against the rebellion. Ma Teng was recruited into the army. The recruiting officials thought that Ma Teng was different from the others.
Ordinary people, they let him become a military officer, train and lead the troops. Due to his meritorious service in suppressing the rebellion, Ma Teng was promoted to army commander. Later, he was promoted to partial general and general of the Western Conquest due to his merit. He was stationed in Qian and Longzhi.
between.
The imperial court also appointed Ma Teng as the general for the Eastern Campaign. At that time, the harvest in the west was poor. Ma Teng told the imperial court that the troops had no food and wanted to buy food and grass in Chiyang, so he stationed at Changping Aantou. However, Wang Cheng and others stationed nearby thought that
Ma Teng wanted to be disadvantageous to himself, so he attacked Ma Teng's troops. Ma Teng happened to be out at that time, and the troops were not prepared for the battle, so they were defeated and fled towards Xiliangzhou. At this time, the Sanfu area fell into a melee and Li Guo engaged in battle. Ma Teng
He did not return to Sanfu eastward. Instead, he became a brother of a different surname with General Han Sui of Zhenxi. They were close at first, but later became enemies due to the invasion of each other's subordinates. Ma Teng attacked Han Sui, and Han Sui was defeated.
, then Han Sui gathered men and horses to fight back and killed Ma's wife and son. From then on, they continued to fight for years, and they were inextricable.
Later, Ma Teng began to govern Huaili for more than ten years. He strengthened the defense against the barbarians, trained his own cavalry troops, promoted talented people, and guaranteed the people's lives. He obtained three assistants.
of love.
Cao Cao had previously recruited Ma Chao to serve as an official, but Ma Chao did not go. Later, Ma Chao served as the military governor of Sili Xiaowei to conquer Guo Yuan. During the battle, he was shot by an arrow. Ma Chao immediately wrapped his injured calf with a cloth belt and continued fighting.
In the battle, he defeated the enemy and killed the general Guo Yuan. The imperial court worshiped Ma Chao as the governor of Xuzhou for his merit, and later worshiped Ma Chao as the admonishment official.
Later, when Ma Teng came to Beijing, because of his previous achievements, he worshiped Ma Chao as a partial general and let Ma Chao lead the original army of Ma Teng. The court also worshiped Ma Chao's younger brother Ma Xiu as the commander of the car and Ma Tie as the commander of the cavalry...
.
Later, Ma Chao and various generals in Guanzhong, including Hou Xuan, Cheng Yin, Li Kan, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Cheng Yi, Ma Wan, Yang Qiu, Han Sui and others, all ten tribes rebelled, with a total strength of 100,000.
They jointly guarded the junction of the Yellow River and Tongguan and built a camp. In this year, Cao Cao went on a westward expedition and fought with Ma Chao and other coalition forces at the junction of the Yellow River and the Wei River. Ma Chao and others were finally defeated. Ma Chao fled to Anding, and Han Sui fled back to Liang.
Prefecture. The court issued an edict to kill all Ma Chao's relatives in Yecheng. Ma Chao was defeated by Yang Fu and others in Longshang. Later, when Ma Chao was in Hanzhong, Zhang Lu asked Ma Chao to serve as the "duojiaojiu". And he also wanted to
He married his daughter to Ma Chao to win over Ma Chao. At this time, someone said to Zhang Lu: "Someone like Ma Chao doesn't even care about his own relatives, how can he care about other people?". This means that even if Zhang Lu takes his daughter
Marrying Ma Chao would not make Ma Chao obedient to Zhang Luyan and give up the idea of marrying his daughter to Ma Chao. When Ma Chao did not rebel against Cao Cao, one of his concubines had a younger brother named Zhong.
" He stayed in Sanfu. When Ma Chao was defeated and returned to Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, Zhong had already arrived in Hanzhong. On the first day of the year, Zhong came to wish Ma Chao a happy new year. Ma Chao was so sad that he beat his chest and vomited blood and said: "My whole family of more than a hundred people was killed in one day.
After killing them all, what else can we two congratulate today?" Later, Ma Chao asked Zhang Lu many times for funding of troops and horses. He wanted to capture Liangzhou, but Zhang Lu finally reluctantly agreed to Ma Chao and sent some troops to Ma Chao, but
The plan to take Liangzhou from the north failed. In addition, Zhang Lu's subordinate Yang Bai and others crowded out Ma Chao because they were afraid that the capable Ma Chao would surpass their status. Ma Chao finally fled Zhang Lu and fled from Wudu to a place where the Di people lived.
, and then switched to Liu Bei.
When Liu Bei heard that Ma Chao was going to defect to him, he happily said: I can get Yizhou this time. So he sent people to meet Ma Chao and sent troops to Ma Chao. After Ma Chao arrived in Chengdu, he led his army to the north of the city, and Chengdu was conquered in less than ten days.
He surrendered. So Liu Bei declared Ma Chao to be the General of Pingxi, in charge of Linju, and his title was still the Marquis of Duting given by the previous court.
Because Liu Bei treated him well, Ma Chao often called Liu Bei "Xuande" and disrespectfully called "Lord" when talking to Liu Bei. Guan Yu was very angry and told Liu Bei that he wanted to kill Ma Chao. Liu Bei said to Guan Yu: "When people are desperate,
Come to me, you are angry because he called me by my name, and you want to kill him. How should I explain to the people in the world? Will people in the world come to me in the future?" Zhang Fei said: "If this is the case.
If so, let's demonstrate it to him and treat it as a warning." The next day, when many people gathered together, they invited Ma Chao to come, and Guan and Zhang stood side by side with knives. Ma Chao came in to look at the seats, and Guan and Zhang
He did not sit down, but stood with a knife. Ma Chao was so shocked that he never called Liu Bei by his name again. The next day, Ma Chao sighed and said: "Now I finally know why I failed. Just because I called Liu Bei my lord."
He was almost killed by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei." From then on, Ma Chao respected Liu Bei very much.
When the former Lord Liu Bei ascended the throne as King of Hanzhong, he worshiped Ma Chao as General Zuo and gave him the power of falsehood. In the first year of Zhangwu, when Liu Bei became emperor, Ma Chao was promoted to General Hussar and led the shepherd of Liangzhou. His title was also promoted to Marquis of Zhuxiang, and he was promoted to Marquis of Ting.
The edict written by the Marquis of Xiang when he paid homage to General Hussar wrote: "I have no choice but to succeed to the throne, so that I can continue the Han Dynasty and the ancestral temple. Cao Cao and his son have sinned for many generations. I am very sad and worried as if I am sick."
The whole world is angry and resentful, and everyone wants to return to the fundamental righteous way. In order to subdue the Di and Qiang people, to admire the surrounding ethnic minorities, and because Ma Chao has great appeal and power in the north, so
You are entrusted. Let you first promote the brave strategy of the tiger, secondly, monitor the vast area, and thirdly, relieve the people's difficulties. Then, you can use the kindness and power of the court to influence people far and near, and execute rewards and punishments in accordance with the law and prudently, so as to make them
I felt the happiness under the rule of the Han Dynasty." Ma Chao died in the second year of Zhangwu at the age of forty-seven. Before his death, Ma Chao wrote to Liu Bei and said: "My family (except for my own small family) has more than 200 members.
Everyone was killed by Cao Cao, and only my cousin Ma Dai was left. I regard him as the successor of my clan’s blood food, and I entrust him to Your Majesty. There is nothing else.”….
Ma Chao's life can be regarded as a tragedy, but he still left a reputation. In particular, Du'an Weir was closely related to him. When Du'an Weir was first built, it was called "Dayan". Later it got a new name, but it has not yet been renamed.
It's called Dujiangyan. What is it called? We have to start with the big flat next to the head of the weir - "Machaoping". The flat is halfway up the mountain on the bank of the Youmin River. Above the flat is a steep cliff, and below the flat is the surging river. The terrain is very dangerous.
.It is the place where Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, sent general Ma Chao to guard Dayan during the Three Kingdoms period and set up camp to train troops.
In the early years of the Shu Han Dynasty, in order to seize Xichuan, Cao Cao sent people to persuade the King of Xiqiang, mobilized many troops, and approached Suoyang City on the northwest border of Han Dynasty. When Prime Minister Zhuge knew about it, he was very anxious. He thought: "More than Suoyang City
Going down is the big weir. This weir is the lifeblood of agriculture in the Han Dynasty, the foundation of the country's financial resources, and is also related to the safety of Kyoto. You must not be careless!" So it was decided to send a general to guard it. But which one is best to send?
? Choosing from east to west, this heavy responsibility finally fell on the head of Pingxi general Ma Chao. Because Zhuge Liang knew that Ma Chao was not only careful and steady in his work, but his ancestors and the Qiang people were also relatives of Uncle Lang; the Qiang people have always respected Ma Chao and respected him.
As the "Mighty General".
When Ma Chao was leaving, Zhuge Liang specially invited him to go to the Prime Minister's Mansion to set up a banquet shop. After three drinks, Zhuge Liang came up with a topic: He asked Ma Chao to use one word to explain his plans after leaving, but without saying it first, use this word
Write it on the heart of the palm; he also writes his thoughts into a word, and also writes it on the heart of the palm; after a while, the two of them spread their palms together to see which one has the best strategy. Ma Chao happily agreed. 2
After drinking a few more glasses of wine, they asked for pens and ink, and each wrote a word on the palm of his hand. After writing, they spread their palms at the same time, stared at each other, and couldn't help laughing. It turned out to be a coincidence.
Both of them wrote the word "和". Ma Chao asked: "How many troops will you bring on this trip?" Zhuge Liang said: "Three thousand!" Ma Chao was surprised and asked quickly: "Since we want peace, why do we need to bring so many troops?
Where are the soldiers?" Zhuge Liang shook his feather fan and said with a smile: "General, do you think that bringing more soldiers means going to war? I think the general's trip is not only to guard the big weir and stabilize the western frontier, but also to take this opportunity to train troops. The Qiang people
He is best at climbing mountains, and he is also good at building rope bridges across difficult mountains and dangerous waters. You must learn this skill well, and you will need these skills in your future campaigns in the north and south."
The next day, Ma Chao led a large team and set up camp on Daping next to Dayan. At that time, apart from the Han people, the largest number of people living in the Dayan area were the Qiang people on the east bank of the Minjiang River, and there were also many Liao people on the west bank.
When they heard that Ma Chao was coming with a large group of troops, they thought that there would be a fight, so they all geared up, mobilized their soldiers, and put them on strict alert. Unexpectedly, Ma Chao sent his men to deal with the Qiang and the capable generals who were most familiar with the situation of the Qiang, and brought Zhuge Liang's autograph.
I wrote a letter and went to Qiang Village and Liao Village to meet with their leaders. The letter said: The Emperor of the Han Dynasty decided to maintain friendship with the Qiang and Liao families from generation to generation, and also changed the name of "Zhenyi Pass" named by Liu Zhang earlier to "Yanmen Pass"
Changing "Zhenliao Pass" to "Liaoze Pass" will always allow people on both sides to visit relatives and do business freely. In addition to letters, they also brought invitations from Ma Chao, inviting Qiang and Liao leaders to visit these two border passes.
Come to the meeting when the new plaque is hung.
The Qiang leader read Zhuge Liang's letter and Ma Chao's invitation. He was dubious at first, but finally thought about Zhuge's clever calculations and many strategies. He didn't know what kind of medicine he had in his gourd this time, or he was "crossing the river on stones".
"They will arrive one by one." So, they set up an ambush from Suoyang City to Dayan to observe the movement, and did not show their faces easily. At the same time, they also sent some spies to sneak into "Zhenyi Pass" to find out the details. When it was time to change the plaque
On that day, the two majestic passes were dressed in red and green, and they were full of joy. Ma Chao changed his armor into a white robe, looking very smart. He only brought a few followers and brought two generous gifts to the meeting. They did not bring swords, spears, swords, or hidden strong bows.
Hard crossbow, what kind of ambush was set up? The Qiang and Liao leaders were not at ease after hearing the spies' report. They carefully observed the movements around themselves. When they could see everything clearly and the doubts in their minds were solved, they were happy.
Xingdi came to the meeting. Ma Chao first asked someone to give the brocade, tea, gold and silver jewelry prepared by the Han emperor to the Qiang officials; then both parties returned gifts. At this time, amid the sound of drums, Ma Chao pointed to two golden paintings
The shining plaque said to the guests: "Han people, Qiang people, and Liao people are one family. Our Ma family has been married to the Qiang family for generations! Look, the wild geese in the sky fly to the north to settle down in spring, and then go back in autumn.
They make a nest in the south, and mountains and rivers cannot stop them from visiting relatives and friends. How affectionate! We are all relatives, so we should be affectionate even more! Let Yanmen Pass and Liaoze Pass become the passage for us to visit relatives, and we will never use them again.
It has become a battlefield where armies meet.”….
The leaders of Qiang and Liao felt warm in their hearts when they heard this. They admired Prime Minister Zhuge Liang for treating others with sincerity and happily accepted the gift. After replacing the new plaque, Ma Chao told the two heads of state about his protection of Dayan.
Both leaders said: "The Han family, the Qiang family, and the Liao family drink from the same river. They are as kind as brothers and will definitely help the general manage, protect and repair the big weir."
From then on, the border area in Dayan was peaceful and trade was prosperous; stalls were set up at the head of the weir, tents were erected, and markets were set up. Because people of all ethnic groups regarded the phoenix as a symbol of good luck and good luck, they called the place where tents were set up for trading ""
"Phoenix Nest".
The days passed quickly, and it was a year in a flash. Ma Chao not only kept the peace of Dayan, but also led his men to learn from the Qiang and Liao people to dig mountains, build strongholds, and build cable bridges. After that, Zhuge Liang crossed to Shanghai in May and left Qishan in six months.
They used these skills all the time. When it was time to build the weir, the men of Qiang and Liao villages came to help, and the weir was built more solidly and more beautifully. On the day when the water was opened, the leaders of each village came excitedly. Ma Chao was in the middle
Wine was placed in the military tent to entertain the guests, and everyone was drinking and chatting. The leaders of the Qiang and Liao families said: "Thousands of mountains! Each has a name; thousands of rivers! Each has a name.
.The two grand passes have been renamed, and this big weir should also be given a new name!" Ma Chao said: "We all hope that the big weir will always be safe, so let's call it 'Du'an Weir', how about it?" The whole room was full of people.
He burst into laughter. Dayan was renamed Duanyan from then on. Later, everyone proposed to give the Daping where Ma Chao camped a name, but Ma Chao blocked it and said: "Don't do it! Don't do it! Ma Chao has no merit and no virtue, no
Dare to receive the gift!" Although Ma Chao thanked him profusely and disagreed with anything, people still called the mountain flat "Ma Chao flat".
There is also a story about the Tibetan Army Cave. When Zhong Yao retreated to Tongguan, he hurriedly sent a message to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was very anxious when he knew that Chang'an was lost, so he called Cao Hong and Xu Huang and said, "You two will bring 10,000 horses first.
Guard Tongguan in place of Zhong Yao. If Tongguan is lost within 10 days, you will be killed according to military law. Outside of 10 days, it will have nothing to do with you two. I will command the army and will arrive shortly." The two received the general's order and set off in a hurry at starry night. Cao Ren
He reminded Cao Cao: "Cao Hong has a bad temper, which may delay important events." Cao Cao said: "You escort me the food and grass, and I will take care of it later."
Cao Hong and Xu Huang arrived at Tongguan and replaced Zhong Yao to guard the pass without going into battle. Ma Chao led his troops to the pass and cursed three generations of Cao Cao. Cao Hong was furious and wanted to lead his troops down to the pass to fight. Xu Huang stopped him and said, "This is Ma Chao
If you want to provoke the general to fight, you must not go to war. When the Prime Minister's army arrives, there will be a solution." Ma Chao's army took turns to scold him day and night. Cao Hong always wanted to go down to the pass to fight. Xu Huang persuaded him earnestly. On the ninth day, he watched in the pass.
At that time, the Xiliang army let go of their horses and sat sparsely on the grass; many sleepy sergeants were sleeping on the ground. Seeing this scene, Cao Hong ordered his horses to be prepared and led three thousand soldiers to kill Xiliang.
The soldiers abandoned their horses and fled. Cao Hong chased him bravely and was very proud. At this time, Xu Huang was checking food and grass at the pass. He was shocked when he heard that Cao Hong was going down to the pass to fight. He hurriedly led his army and came after him, shouting at Cao Hong to withdraw his troops. Suddenly behind him
The shouts shook the sky, and Ma Dai led his troops to fight. When Cao Hong and Xu Huang hurried back, they only heard the sound of drums. Behind the mountain, there were two more armies blocking the way. Ma Chao on the left and Pang De on the right. They fought for a while.
Cao Hong could not resist and lost more than half of his army before he broke out of the siege and rushed to the pass. The Xiliang army followed, and Cao Hong and others abandoned the pass and fled. Pang De chased through Tongguan, met Cao Ren's troops, and rescued Cao Hong and others.
Ma Chao accompanied Pang De to Tongguan. Cao Hong lost Tongguan and came to see Cao Cao. Cao Cao said: "I gave you 10 days, why did you lose Tongguan on the 9th?" Cao Hong said: "The Xiliang sergeants insulted them in every way, which is really embarrassing.
It was unbearable. Later, when he saw the Xiliang army slacking off, he took the opportunity to attack, not wanting to fall into a treacherous trick." Cao Cao said, "Cao Hong is young and has a bad temper. You, Xu Huang, should persuade him." Xu Huang said, "I have repeatedly
I tried to persuade him, but he was unwilling to listen. That day I was checking food and grass at the pass. When I found out, the young general had already led his troops to go down the pass. I was afraid that he would be attacked by the enemy, so I hurried over and found that he had been attacked by thieves.
Treacherous plot." Cao Cao was furious and ordered Cao Hong to be killed. All the officials interceded for Cao Hong and saved him from death...
Cao Cao led his army to approach Tongguan. Cao Ren said: "We can set up the stronghold first, and then we can open the pass." Cao Cao ordered the trees to be cut down, and the fences to be erected. They were divided into three strongholds: Cao Ren on the left, Xiahou Yuan on the right, and Xiahou Yuan on the right.
Juzhong Village. The next day, Cao Cao led the generals and generals of the three villages to attack Tongguan. They happened to encounter Xiliang soldiers and horses. Both sides had set up battle formations. Cao Cao went out and stood under the gate. He saw that the Xiliang soldiers were all brave and strong.
They are all heroes. We also see Ma Chao, whose face looks like powder, and his lips look like they are smeared with red. He has a thin waist, broad shoulders, and a powerful voice. He is wearing a white robe and silver armor, holding a spear in his hand, and he is standing in front of the formation. Pang is at the top, and Ma is at the bottom.
Dai. Cao Cao was secretly amazed. He clapped his horse and came forward and said to Ma Chao: "You are the descendant of a famous general of the Han Dynasty. Why did you betray the imperial court?" Ma Chao gritted his teeth and cursed: "Cao Cao! You bullied the emperor and committed a serious crime. You killed my father.
I have an sworn hatred with my brother! I will capture you alive and eat your flesh!" After saying that, he raised his gun and killed him. Cao Cao came out from behind to meet Yu Jin. The two horses fought and fought for eight or nine rounds before Yu Jin was defeated. Zhang He
Li Tong went out to meet him, but was defeated after 20 rounds of fighting. Li Tong went out to meet him, and Ma Chao fought bravely. During the count, he shot Li Tong off his horse. Ma Chao moved his gun back, and the Xiliang soldiers rushed over. Cao Jun was defeated.
The Xiliang soldiers came with such ferocity that Cao Cao’s soldiers could not withstand them. They heard Xiliang soldiers shouting: “The one wearing the red robe is Cao Cao!” Cao Cao immediately took off his red robe and shouted: “You have a beard.”
The one with the short beard is Cao Cao!" Cao Cao panicked and immediately cut off his beard with his sword. Someone in the army told Ma Chao about Cao Cao's beard cutting. Ma Chao asked someone to shout again: "The one with the short beard is Cao Cao!" Cao Cao heard the shout and immediately
He pulled up the corner of his clothes and wrapped his chin to run away. "After Tongguan was defeated, Meng De took off his brocade robe in a panic. He would be frightened to have his mustache cut with a sword, and the price of a horse's ultrasound would be as high as the sky."
As Cao Cao was walking, a general came from behind. When he looked back, he saw that it was Ma Chao. Cao Cao was horrified. Seeing Ma Chao chasing him, the generals on the left and right fled for their lives, leaving only Cao Cao. Ma Chao shouted sternly: "Cao Cao, run away.
No!" Cao Cao was so frightened that he threw away his riding whip. When he caught up, Ma Chao stabbed his horse with his spear from behind. Cao Cao walked around the tree, but Ma Chao stabbed the tree with his spear. When he pulled it out, Cao Cao had already fled away. Ma Chao urged his horse.
As he chased after him, a general came over from the hillside and shouted: "Don't hurt my lord! Cao Hong is here!" He stepped forward with his sword and stopped Ma Chao. Cao Cao escaped with his life. Cao Hong and Ma Chao fought for forty or fifty rounds.
The sword skills gradually became chaotic. At this time, Xia Houyuan arrived with dozens of cavalry. Ma Chao was alone and feared that he would be outnumbered and plotted by them, so he turned his horse back. Cao Cao returned to the stronghold and sighed: "If I kill Cao Hong,
, I will definitely die in the hands of Ma Chao today!" Then he called Cao Hong and rewarded him heavily. He cleaned up the defeated army, held fast to the stronghold, and was not allowed to go out to fight.
Now Ma Teng wanted to go to Xudu. Ma Chao was young at this time, but he was also a bit strategist. He thought it was not possible. The court most likely wanted to lure Ma Teng into being a hostage, so he persuaded him.
Speaking of which, Ma Chao was still thinking about his father. Now Hebei and Yuan are fighting. Cao Cao led his army to Jingzhou. Cao Cao's hinterland is empty. It is the time to worry about Liangzhou. How can there be no conspiracy behind calling Ma Teng at this time?