Ma Teng hesitated again and again and said, "If you don't go, the emperor may punish you."
Ma Teng also had his own ideas. He was not a prominent person and had the experience of rebellion. Instead, he paid more attention to the attitude of the emperor. Cao Cao could use the emperor to control the princes. Didn't he have the idea of consolidating his power by being close to the emperor? The last time Dong Cheng secretly gave
He secretly issued a secret edict, and Ma Teng came up with this idea. Now that the emperor has summoned him, if he does not go, then the secret edict in his hand will inevitably become a piece of waste paper, and the imperial edict will be issued immediately, and then he will appear to be dishonest.
The words are out of control.
Moreover, he has been fighting in Xiliang for many years and has long been thinking of recuperating. Ma Chao is already familiar with military affairs. Going to Xuchang by himself can not only provide internal support for Ma Chao, but also make friends with the courtiers and curry favor with the emperor. Maybe he can make a difference.
So he ignored Ma Chao's dissuasion and decided to go ahead. He ordered Ma Chao to take over his position. On the other hand, he also told Ma Chao to make good friends with Han Sui.
Guarding Chang'an for Cao Cao were Zhang Ji and Zhong Yao. Zhang Ji was named Derong, and Feng Yi was from Gaoling. He was born into a poor family, his family was wealthy, and he was well-mannered. At the age of sixteen, he served as a minor official in Feng Yi County.
After being promoted, he was promoted to Xiaolian by the county, but he did not go to the capital to join the Lang's Office as an official. After Cao Cao became Sikong, he recruited Zhang Ji, but he did not take up the post. Later, he was promoted to Maocai by the prefecture and county, and was promoted to the magistrate of Xinfeng County.
During his term in office, his political achievements ranked first among the counties in Sanfu.
It can be said that Zhang Ji is a capable official, brave and resourceful, and Zhong Yao is also a confidant of Cao Cao. These two people are stationed in Chang'an to prevent Ma Teng and Han Sui and consolidate Guanzhong.
Zhong Yao came from a prominent family in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his ancestors were known for their virtues for several generations. His great-grandfather Zhong Hao was "gentle and prudent, erudite in poetry and rhythm, and taught more than a thousand disciples." His grandfather Zhong Di never held an official position due to the ban of the party. His father died early.
, raised by his uncle Zhong Yu.
Zhong Yao, whose courtesy name is Yuanchang, was born in Changshe, Yingchuan. He was born into a prominent family in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His ancestors were famous for their virtues for several generations. His great-grandfather Zhong Hao was "gentle and prudent, knowledgeable in poetry and rhythm, and taught more than a thousand students." His grandfather Zhong Di was imprisoned by the party because of
Due to misfortune, he never held an official position in his life. His father died young and he was raised by his uncle Zhong Yu.
Legend has it that Zhong Yao had an extraordinary appearance and extraordinary intelligence when he was a child. He once went to Luoyang with his uncle Zhong Yu, and met a fortune teller on the way. When the fortune teller saw Zhong Yao's appearance, he said to Zhong Yu: "This boy has a noble appearance, but
"When trouble comes from water, try to be careful." The general idea is that this child looks rich and noble, but there will be a flood, so please walk carefully. As a result, after walking less than ten miles, when crossing the bridge, the horse Zhong Yao was riding
Suddenly panicked, Zhong Yao was thrown into the water and almost drowned. Zhong Yu saw that the fortune teller's words came true, and felt that Zhong Yao would definitely be promising in the future, so he redoubled his efforts to train him. Zhong Yao lived up to his high expectations and worked hard.
He worked hard, and when he grew up, he was first recommended as Xiaolian by Yinxiu, the prefect of Yingchuan at that time, and became Shangshulang. He was also appointed as the county magistrate in Yangling. He later resigned due to illness.
Zhong Yao also served as Ting Weizheng and Huangmen Shilang in the palace, and became an attendant of the emperor. During Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Zhong Yao followed Cao Cao to quell the chaos and offered advice and suggestions, which won Cao Cao's reuse. When Dong Zhuo kidnapped Emperor Xian Liu Xie,
Zhong Yao also discussed with Shangshu Lang Han Bin to rescue Emperor Xian from Chang'an. Because Zhong Yao repeatedly performed extraordinary feats, he was worshiped as the censor Zhongcheng. He was also moved to serve as a minister, Shangshu Pushe, and was named Dongwu Tinghou. Zhong Yao in history
Yao played an important role in Cao Cao's unification of the north. When the generals Ma Teng and Han Sui relied on their power to stay in Guanzhong, Cao Cao ordered Zhong Yao to serve as the official of the Sili School and supervise the integrity. Finally, he persuaded Ma Teng and Han Sui to
General. During the Battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao were at loggerheads. Zhong Yao promptly sent more than a thousand horses to Cao Cao's army, which made great contributions to Cao Cao's defeat of Yuan's army. Therefore, Cao Cao wrote to Zhong Yao saying: I received the horse and sent it very much.
In an emergency, the right side of Guan was pacified, and the imperial court had no worries about going west. This is a great achievement. In the past, Xiao He guarded Guanzhong and had enough food to form an army, which was appropriate. Zhong Yao's contribution should be praised...
Later, the Xiongnu Chanyu launched a war in Pingyang, and Zhong Yao led his army to fight against the enemy. Soon, Yuan Shang's old governor of Hedong, Guo Yuan and Chen Bing, were arrogant in Hedong. Zhong Yao's men wanted to escape, but Zhong Yao said: "When Yuan Shao was strong,
Guo Yuan came to Guanzhong to secretly exchange information with Yuan Shao. The reason why Guo Yuan did not openly join forces with Yuan Shao immediately was because he was worried about our reputation. If we ignored them and hid, it would make them feel that we are afraid of them. The people here are afraid of them.
The soldiers who hate Guo Yuan, even if we evade them, can all these people escape? This means that we failed first without fighting. Moreover, Guo Yuan is stubborn and simple-minded. He must think that our army is easy to deal with. If they cross
We can set up camp across the Fen River and attack them before they cross the river. We can win a great victory." At this time, Ma Teng sent his son Ma Chao to lead his elite troops to pursue Guo Yuan. As expected, Guo Yuan attacked without careful consideration.
When he wanted to cross the Fen River, the generals stopped him, but he would not listen at all. When Guo Yuan's troops had not crossed half of the river, Zhong Yao led his army to attack suddenly, and Guo Yuan was defeated. Zhong Yao took the opportunity to kill Guo Yuan, and at the same time
After surrendering the Chanyu, Zhong Yao successively defeated the rebellion of Weigu in Hedong and the harassment of Zhang Sheng, Zhang Yan, Gao Gan and other enemy invaders in the border areas, and achieved great military exploits.
Zhong Yao once served as a palace in Luoyang. At that time, the emperor issued an order to conquer Wang Yi, the prefect of Hedong Province, to enter the capital. However, the county thought that the world was not yet peaceful and was unwilling to apply. The people also did not want to let Wang Yi leave because of his outstanding political achievements, so Wang Yi subordinate officials
The county commander Wei Gu, Zhonglang general Fan Xian and others went to Zhong Yao respectively and asked to keep the king's city. However, the emperor's edict had been issued, and the newly appointed Hedong prefect Du Ji had arrived in Hedong at this time. Therefore Zhong Yao did not agree to the guard's request.
Gu, Fan Xian and others requested. Instead, he asked Wang Yi to deliver the seal and ribbon as soon as possible according to the emperor's wishes. Wang Yi was so angry that he took the seal and ribbon and went straight from Hedong to Xuchang to hand it over to the emperor. Zhong Yao saw what had happened and thought that he had lost
He failed to fulfill his duties and failed to do things well, so he wrote a letter of self-impeachment and plead guilty.
But Emperor Xian did not listen to Zhong Yao's opinion of self-impeachment. It can be seen from this that Zhong Yao, as a feudal official, was able to strictly demand himself, receive rewards for meritorious deeds, and punish himself for delinquency. This spirit and moral character are enough for future generations to imitate and learn from.
Emperor Xian moved from Chang'an to Luoyang, and Zhong Yao became an official and apprentice in Guanzhong. After several years of hard work, Zhong Yao turned the desolate area into a prosperous people, which laid the material foundation for Cao Cao's subsequent expedition to various parts of Guanzhong. Zhong Yao was appointed as the official for his merits.
Former military advisor. Later, Cao Pi appointed Zhong Yao as Minister of Dali Temple. He was later promoted to Prime Minister, Tingwei, and was granted the title of Gao Zhongxiang Marquis. Later he was transferred to the rank of Taiwei and was renamed Pingyang Township Marquis. He was highly valued by Cao Pi, and Cao Pi once
The minister praised Zhong Yao and Situ Huaxin, and Sikong Wanglang said: "These three men are great men of a generation, and they will be difficult to succeed in future generations!" When Cao Pi died in 227 AD, his son Cao Rui came to the throne, and Zhong Yao was granted the title of Marquis of Dingling.
, increased the population of the town to 1,800 households, and moved him to be the Taifu. It can be seen that the Cao family attaches great importance to Zhong Yao. Zhong Yao suffered from knee joint disease in his later years, which made it inconvenient to worship the emperor. Emperor Ming Cao Rui let Zhong Yao enter
It is not necessary to pray during court. This is the first time that any of the three ministers are not allowed to pray if they are sick.
Zhong Yao had a very close relationship with the royal family of Cao Wei due to his high virtue and prestige and outstanding achievements. When Cao Pi was the crown prince, he accompanied Cao Cao to Mengjin to fight. Hearing that Zhong Yao had a piece of jade in his possession, he wanted to get it, but it was difficult to tell him, so he secretly ordered
Others conveyed the message, and Zhong Yao heard about it and immediately gave it to Cao Pi. Cao Pi was moved and wrote the famous "Letter to Zhong Dali" to express his gratitude. Zhong Yao also wrote a reply to express his inner feelings and their relationship.
Extremely friendly.
Emperor Wen Cao Pi also gave Zhong Yao a "five-cooked cauldron" and wrote an inscription himself: "There is Wei in He, and he serves as the auxiliary of the Han vassal. The minister is only Zhong, and the truth is in the heart. Jing Gong spent the night, and the bandit escaped and found a safe place.
.Hundreds of teachers and teachers, Kaizi measures the rules."
Zhong Yao was very concerned about national affairs. When he saw that the war had caused a sharp decrease in the population, he proposed to Cao Cao to reduce the death penalty to corporal punishment. The purpose was to both punish criminals and promote population growth. However, it was not approved by the court. The reason was "
"It's not a way to please the people." When Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty arrived, Zhong Yao mentioned it again, but there was a war before the discussion, so he had to give up. When Cao Rui came to the throne, Zhong Yao wrote for the third time, explaining the need to resume corporal punishment, but in the end
It was overthrown by opponents represented by Situ Wanglang. Emperor Ming Cao Rui also put it aside and no longer dealt with it on the grounds that Wu and Shu were not in peace. Corporal punishment was a cruel criminal method that was no longer used by Cao Wei before. Zhong Yao wanted to promote it
The increase in population led to the restoration of corporal punishment, but after all, it had lost the historical foundation for its existence and was not implemented in the end...
In his later years, Yao often did not go to court for several days. When someone asked him why, he said: "Good women often come, and they are very beautiful." People told him that she was a monster and you should kill her. Later, this woman came again.
Zhong Yao did not dare to move forward and stood outside the door. Zhong Yao asked her why she didn't come in. The woman said, "You want to kill me." Zhong Yao said, "It's nothing." After saying his warm invitation, the woman
The man then entered his house. Zhong Yao wanted to kill her, but he felt very sorry to kill her and could not do it. But in the end he cut her thigh. The woman immediately ran out and used her clothes to kill her.
The blood was wiped with cotton wool, and the blood flowed all over the road. The next day, Zhong Yao asked people to search along the blood stains, and found a large tomb. There was a beautiful woman in the coffin. Her appearance and body were like a living person, and she was dressed in white silk.
The clothes and waistcoat were embroidered with patterns, and her left thigh was injured. The woman wiped the blood on her leg with the cotton wool in the waistcoat.
Zhong Yao not only made important political and military achievements, but more importantly, his calligraphy achievements were often praised and praised by the world: it is said that Cai Yong's calligraphy came from the god, and Zhong Yao was Cai Yong's calligraphy.
The second generation descendant of Yong calligraphy. In fact, the reason why Zhong Yao's calligraphy art has achieved great artistic achievements is not limited to his family. When he was a boy, he studied calligraphy for three years with a man named Liu Sheng, and later studied calligraphy with Cao Cao.
Hi, the calligraphy of Liu Desheng and others. Therefore, Zhong Yao, like any accomplished scholar, is the result of integrating the great achievements of his predecessors, studying hard, and studying hard.
Zhong Yao worked very hard when learning the art of calligraphy, sometimes even to the point of being obsessed. Zhong Yao once found Cai Yong's pen practice secrets on Wei Dan's seat, and asked Wei Dan to lend it to him, but because the book was too precious, Wei Dan did not give it to him.
Although he begged hard, Wei Dan still refused to lend it to him. So Zhong Yao suddenly lost his temper, beat his chest and kicked his chest with his fists, leaving numerous scars. He continued this fuss for three days, and finally fell into a coma and was dying. Cao Cao immediately ordered
People rescued Zhong Yao, but it was too difficult for him to die and he gradually recovered. Despite this, Wei Dan remained stubborn and ignored him. Zhong Yao was helpless and often troubled by this matter. It was not until Wei Dan's death that Zhong Yao sent people to dig his grave.
After obtaining his calligraphy, his calligraphy progressed rapidly.
It is said that when Zhong Yao was about to die, he called his son Zhong Hui to his side, gave him a secret book of calligraphy, and told Zhong Hui the story of his hard work. He said that he had spent more than thirty years in his life concentrating on learning calligraphy.
I mainly mastered the essentials of writing from Cai Yong's calligraphy skills. During the learning process, I wrote whenever I had time and practiced whenever I had the opportunity, day or night, regardless of the occasion and location. I practiced on the ground around me when I sat with others and chatted.
When I rested at night, I used the quilt as paper. As a result, a big hole was made in the quilt over time. When I saw flowers, plants, trees, insects, fish, birds and other natural scenery, I would associate it with the brushwork. Sometimes I would go to the toilet and forget to come back.
This shows that Zhong Yao's calligraphy art is indeed the result of his diligent study and practice. While practicing hard, Zhong Yao also paid great attention to learning from his contemporaries, such as often working with Cao Cao, Handan Chun, Wei Dan, Sun Tzu Jing, and Guan Loquat.
Others discussed the issue of using pens.
Zhong Yao not only had strict requirements for himself, but also for his disciples and disciples. It is said that Zhong Yao's disciple Song Yi was serious about studying, but the results were not great. Zhong Yao rebuked him face to face, and as a result, Song Yi did not dare to meet his teacher for three years. Finally, Song Yi finally
He achieved success in his studies and became famous for a while. For his son Zhong Hui, Zhong Yao often spoke earnestly and advised him in every possible way. Zhong Hui finally achieved great success. Zhong Yao, Zhong Hui and his son were known as "Big and Little Zhongs".
Zhong Yao's writing style is mainly regular script, official script and running script. "Zhong has three styles, one is the book inscribed on stone, which is the most wonderful; the second is the book of regulations, which is used to teach secretaries to primary school students; the third is the running book, which is used to communicate with each other.
"The so-called "stone-inscribed script" refers to regular script, "constitutional script" refers to official script, and "Xingzhi script" refers to running script. Zhong Yao's original calligraphy was lost by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and most of the ones passed down to later generations are either copies.
Either it is a fake book. It is generally believed that there are "five tables", "six posts" and "three steles". The "five tables" refer to the "Declaration Table", "Jizhi Table", "He Jie Table" (, "Tiaoyuan Table")
"Table" and "Table of Li Ming". This is the most artistic work of Zhong Yao's calligraphy in existence, but it is not the original work of Zhong Yao. Chu Suiliang's "Bibliography of Wang Xizhi of the Right Army of Jin Dynasty" said that "The Table of Declaration" is the work of Wang Xizhi passed down in the Tang Dynasty
Originally. Because Wang Xizhi was also a master of calligraphy, he was very successful in copying Zhong Yao's original calligraphy, from which we can see the situation of Zhong Yao's calligraphy. According to the "Shu Lu" of Wang Xizhi's great-grandson Wang Sengqian, the original "Declaration Table" says:….
Taifu's "Proclamation" was written in ink on the treasure of Prime Minister Shi Xing (Director Wang). He was mourning and embarrassed, and still used this to express his clothes. After crossing the river, at the right army, the right army borrowed Wang Xiu, and Xiu died, and his mother said
The things his son loved throughout his life were put in coffins, so he did not pass them down. The one passed down was the Lin version of Youjun. The three lists of "Tiaoyuan", "Li Ming" and "He Jie" are also the Lin versions of later generations, but their achievements are also greater.
Gao. The "Jian Ji Zhi Biao" is the most reliable. It was collected by the palace during the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is surrounded by the jade seals of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty "Zhenguan", Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty Zhao Ji "Xuanhe", Song Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou "Shaoxing", and
The imperial seals of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty such as "Qianlong True Reward" indicate that it was once viewed by the above emperors. After several changes, it was destroyed in the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), and only its photocopy remains today.
"Jian Ji Zhi Biao" has a high artistic achievement. Lu Xingzhi of the Yuan Dynasty praised this watch as "ancient and simple, superb and enchanting, without the beauty of flower arranging in the Jin Dynasty or Tang Dynasty", and called it "the supreme ancient Dharma book and the most wonderful work in the world".
."Six Tie" refers to "Bingtai Bingtai of Tomb Field" (referred to as "Bingshe Tie"), "Huanshi Tie" (referred to as "Huanshi Tie"), "Baiqi Tie", "Changwen Tie", "Xuehan Tie"
"Tie" and "Changfeng Tie" (the second half of which is also called "Ancuo Tie"). "Six Tie" are all Linben. "Bingshe Tie" and "Huanshi Tie" have higher achievements and are closer to Zhong Zhong.
The "Bai Qi Tie" and other four kinds of works have been copied by many people and have moved away from the Zhong body. The "three steles" are the "Han Yi Ying Sets Hundreds of Stones to Rate History Stele" (referred to as "Yi Ying Stele").
"), "Wei Shangzun's Monument", "Shouchan Monument", these are all engraved versions, and it is impossible to verify whether they were written by Zhong Yao. "Yiying Stele" has a stone engraving written by Zhang Zhigui from the Song Dynasty: "Book of Zhong Taiwei of the Later Han Dynasty",
However, this stele was erected in the first year of Yongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (153), and Zhong Yao was only 3 years old at this time, which is obviously a misinformation.
Zhong Yao's calligraphy is simple and elegant, with alternating font sizes and rigorous and meticulous overall layout. Comments from past dynasties have made extremely high achievements. Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty wrote "Twelve Meanings of Zhong Yao's Calligraphy" and praised Zhong Yao's calligraphy as "ingenious, delicate, and almost the same as the original."
"God". Geng Jianwu listed Zhong Yao's calligraphy as "above the top grade", saying, "Zhong Tianran is the first, followed by Kung Fu. He is as wonderful as the monuments in Xuchang and as good as the manuscripts in Yexia." Zhang Huaiguan even listed Zhong's calligraphy as the best.
It is a "divine product". In addition, Cen Zongdan of the Ming Dynasty and Liu Xizai of the Qing Dynasty all spoke highly of it. As a calligrapher, Zhong Yao's views on calligraphy also had a significant impact on later generations. His calligraphy theory was fragmented and scattered in later collections.
middle.
Liu Xizai's "Art Summary. Calligraphy Summary" says: "Zhong Yao's calligraphy saying: 'The person who writes the handwriting is the world, and the person who flows the beauty is the person.'" "The Essence of the Calligraphy Garden. The Brushwork Used in the Qin, Han, Wei and Four Dynasties" also records Zhong Yao's roughly the same words.
It is said: "Heaven is used as the author, and earth is used to express beauty, which is beyond ordinary knowledge." Using heaven, earth, heaven and man to discuss the art of calligraphy refers to the natural energy existing in the art of calligraphy, and applies the understanding of the mysteries of nature to the creation of calligraphy.
In writing, you can achieve the state of perfection and imbue the spirit of creation with the writing. Because this kind of creation is connected with the exquisite spirit of Tai Zi Zhong Ling Yu, it is called "extraordinary and ordinary". In fact, this view mainly refers to the natural flow of calligraphy.
, plain and true, with more workmanship and less man-made work. Using nature to shape calligraphy and pursuing natural beauty in the art of calligraphy is an important aesthetic category in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
Wei Heng's "Si Ti Shu Shi. Li Shi" contains Zhong Yao's words: "The change of the bird's trace is only Zuoli's, and his Fanwen has become simple from now on. Shining like stars, Yulaoyunshi", this sentence can be seen in "Beginner's Study"
"Records", the content mainly talks about the evolution of official script and its writing techniques.
Zhang Yanyuan's "Book of Laws" contains the "Twelve Meanings of Guan Zhongyao's Calligraphy" written by Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty Xiao Yan. The so-called twelve meanings refer to flat, straight, even, dense, sharp, powerful, light, decisive, complementary, damaging, and skillful.
Weighing mainly refers to the method of using pens, the frame structure, etc.
Zhong Yao had a great influence on the history of Chinese calligraphy, and he has always been considered the ancestor of Chinese calligraphy. He was the first to establish regular script in the history of calligraphy and made important contributions to the development of Chinese characters. Tao Zongyi's "History of Calligraphy" says: "The change of King Zhong
"The style of calligraphy began to be divided into ancient Li and modern Li. I used the ancient method as Li and the modern method as Kaike." After Zhong Yao, many calligraphers actually studied Zhong style. For example, Wang Xizhi and his son had many kinds of Zhong style.
After this book, Zhang Chang, Huai Su, Yan Zhenqing, Huang Tingjian, etc. all absorbed the strengths of Zhong Style and the essence of Zhong Lun from all aspects in their calligraphy creations. In short, Zhong Yao occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese calligraphy, and has great influence on Chinese characters.
The creation, development and evolution of calligraphy all play an important role.
However, Zhong Yao was the ruler of Chang'an on behalf of Cao Cao at this time. At this time, he heard that Man Chong was going to lead his army north, but Cao Cao had not returned from the south. He knew that Chang'an was the top priority, so he paid special attention to prevent the enemy from attacking.
Teng, Han Sui attacked.
Just at this time, someone came to report that there was a group of troops under the city, and the leader was Ma Teng, who wanted to meet him at the pass. Zhong Yao was shocked, thinking that Ma Teng was leading his army to attack the city, but later he found out that it was Ma Teng.
When he was about to enter Xudu, he was overjoyed. He hurriedly opened the city to welcome him and invited Ma Teng to a banquet.