To make cast flat glass, glassmakers across the world must first find a suitable formula. The commonly used ingredient list is: silica sand, washed and sieved; alkali salt - replaced with seaweed ash; quicklime, slaked with water and sieved
; Saltpeter. And finally broken glass.
Ji Sidui directed people to first put all the raw materials into the sintering furnace for calcination to remove the moisture. After coming out of the furnace, the sintered blocks were cut into small pieces. They were put into the crucible one by one for melting - the volume of the sintered materials was larger than the molten glass.
It is much larger, so you have to wait for the previous one to melt before adding new raw materials.
All these tasks are performed by apprentices. Among the children taken in from Guangzhou, those who are older and not suitable for education are organized into the apprenticeship corps and adopt the apprenticeship system. The apprenticeship system is a kind of teaching through words and deeds in the actual production process.
It is the main form of skills transfer method. It can cultivate a large number of skilled workers with basic skills in a relatively short period of time. It plays an important role in the industrial development of Chuanchuan Group - according to estimates by Zhan Wuya and others, after 3 to 6 months
, most simple jobs in the industrial sector can now be performed by local apprentices, and those with advanced skills can focus on more complex and precise work.
The apprentice corps adopts a centralized accommodation and military-style management model. They get up at 6 o'clock every morning for early exercise, running and doing exercises. Then they have breakfast. In terms of clothing and food treatment, they are even better than the children at school - after all, they are in the factory.
Working consumes much more energy than studying. The food standard is to ensure 2570 calories per day. The varieties provided are similar to those in traditional Chinese food: brown rice, sweet potatoes, vegetables and fish products. There is no fat or meat.
The team starts working at 7 o'clock and works until 6 o'clock in the evening. Lunch is served in the middle. After dinner, they study culture for an hour. They go to bed at 9 o'clock. The apprentices have no holidays and no wages, but the children are quite adaptable - after all, here
They had good food, good housing, and neat clothes. The masters were also kind, and they didn't fight or scold them as casually as the apprentices outside. And they soon realized that they were learning amazing new skills that could not be learned outside. For
The few children who have deep-rooted wandering habits and are unwilling to work will naturally have no interest or time to change their outlook on life. The last place they go to is the labor camp. After staying there for a few months, they will cry and shout for help.
Come back - not everyone can come back.
Looking at the young people wearing baggy indigo homespun work clothes and rattan safety helmets, who were led by the team leader and tamed like lambs into the workshop, Bai Yu sighed: "I finally understand why Marx said that capitalists are evil.
."
"You're a bastard, you idiot, work quickly!" Xiao Bailang climbed on the truss and was overcoming a huge pulley block. The chain of this crane was processed by himself in the chain bearing workshop yesterday.
"nnd, this is harming children--" Although Bai Yu came from a computer network background, he also worked as a human soul engineer in another time and space. He came to the workshop to formulate the charter of an industrial school for the Ministry of Education. Unexpectedly, he
As soon as he came, he was caught and beaten.
"If you don't harm children, you will be harmed." Although Xiao Bailang has a pretty face and is serious like a queen, Bai Yu had to shut up. He muttered, "Socialist democracy and the rule of law are also what the party has always advocated."
"There is no socialism here," Xiao Bailang hammered the disobedient pulley with a hammer, "What is our name? By the way, Du Wen said it last time, saying that we have the tendency of oligarchic aristocracy."
Before Bai Yu could say anything, he saw the squad leader over there looking seriously at Ji Sixui and standing at attention with a German-style heel bump. He raised his hand and reported: "Report: Apprentice Corps First Industrial Brigade Third Squadron First
The glass team is reporting to you! 11 people were supposed to be present, but 11 people actually arrived. Report completed! Please give instructions!"
The glass team almost made Xiao Bailang, who was climbing on the truss, and Bai Yu, who was delivering the tool below, burst into laughter.
Ji Sixui waved his hand solemnly: "Take a break!" He looked at the group of half-year-old children who had been trained by the army for several months. They all worked hard to show their "military appearance" with their chests and belly raised. He suddenly noticed that the children
There is actually an extra armband on the captain's left sleeve. If you look closely, there are some patterns on it - probably a symbol of official rank? The Army guys really know how to do this.
"Today's work is to continue the glass frit melting work internship. You will be divided into three groups to conduct follow-up internships. Are you wearing sunglasses?"
"Bring it!" All the children took out a pair of sunglasses from their pockets.
"Okay, let's start the internship!"
The crucible filled with glass frit is heated in the burning glass kiln. Every once in a while, Ji Sixui will take out a crucible, check the situation inside, and add glass frit.
"Everyone, please note that there is now an opaque white scum in the crucible." Ji Sidei, wearing an asbestos turban and sunglasses, lectured to several apprentices.
"We call this glass saltpeter. It is the product of using saltpeter to clarify the glass liquid. It contains a lot of impurities. It needs to be removed to make clear and transparent glass."
Several teenage apprentices stared at the red and hot glass liquid in the crucible with serious faces, and kept pushing up and down their sunglasses on their noses.
"During the entire smelting process, although the crucible is closed and cannot be seen, as a glass worker, you must always pay attention to the situation in the crucible -"
At this time, an apprentice raised his hand.
"What's the problem?"
"Master Ji said that you should always pay attention to the glass liquid in the crucible, but this crucible has a lid, and you have to remove the crucible every time you want to look at it. Last time when Master Wang talked about smelting, he specifically said to keep it
Good temperature. In that case, why not remove the lid? Then you can see directly into the crucible from the furnace mouth?"
"Because glass cannot be contaminated, otherwise it will not look clear and flawless. Soot is easy to fly away, and it will fall into the open crucible. Do you understand?"
All the apprentices nodded together. At this time, another apprentice raised his hand: "Why not use wood to make a fire? Wood burns cleaner than this black coal."
"Okay, good question."
Then he explained for a few minutes the calorific value, cost and ease of obtaining fuel. The apprentices seemed to understand.
In order to train these Ming Dynasty street children who had been wandering in the cities and countryside for several months and could not read a single word into new industrial workers, the industrial public spared no effort to the extreme. It is relatively easy to cultivate skills. Chinese people have always been known for their hard work and intelligence. He is famous for his diligence, but cultivating a new way of thinking is not something that can be achieved overnight. Anyway, if you can talk, talk, don't ask for understanding, instill the concepts first and then talk.
Ji Sixui asked: "What are your names?"
"My name is Sun Xing." "My name is Huang Zhongshan."
"It's good that you can ask such a question." Ji Situi spared no effort in praising him. Such children are rare and must be greatly encouraged.
After the molten glass was smelted all night, a team of two people carefully took out the crucible from the furnace using a lifting frame, and carefully placed it on an iron frame under the overhead crane. The iron frame had two sides. They are all equipped with long handles for easy pouring.
At this time, the glass liquid in the crucible was already in a red-hot state, and the viscosity was just right. The crucible was hoisted and transported by a crane to the pig iron pouring table.
The pouring table was first made of copper plates laid on a solid stone table. People at the time believed that copper would stain the molten glass less than iron. However, in actual production, it was later discovered that copper would not stain the molten glass when the glass liquid was poured on it. It is easy to crack over time. Once cracked, the copper plate will be completely scrapped.
The British made improvements in the mid-19th century, using pig iron as the platform. The traverser completely imitated the British design, although it was not as huge as that platform. But the structure was completely similar, and casters were also installed. In this way, the pouring platform can be directly used Push down the door of each annealing kiln. There is no need to use special tools and vehicles to move it.
The mechanical department also made some small improvements - a simple rail was laid between the pouring table and the annealing kiln. This is a recommended small rail directly embedded in the hard ground without using sleepers. But it can greatly save manpower. ——After all, pushing a platform weighing more than 8 tons is no easy task.
After the molten glass is poured from the crucible onto the table, workers use an iron roller to push the gelatinous molten glass flat. The platform is surrounded by iron bars to ensure that the molten glass will not be pushed to the ground.
The entire pouring work was successfully completed. The liquid glass poured on the pouring table was easily flattened into pieces of flat glass. Depending on the amount of liquid glass poured each time, the thickness of the glass plate could also be controlled. Then comes the 10 days of annealing.
"This is indeed easier to use than the blowpipe method." Ji Sidui said to Wang Luobin excitedly as he witnessed the first batch of flat glass being fed into the annealing kiln.
"It's not over yet. After annealing, it still needs to be ground before it can be used." Wang Luobin said. He remembered reading in a book that this was a very slow and hard work.
During the pouring process, the top of the glass plate is in contact with the roller, and the bottom is in contact with the iron plate. The surface is relatively rough and needs to be ground and polished.
The grinding work was carried out on a stone platform. According to Wang Luobin's request, the quarry specially quarried a large bluestone. This is a stone with fine texture and low hardness, which is most suitable as a grinding platform.
The grinding process is as follows: Apply a layer of lime under the glass plate that needs to be ground to prevent it from moving during grinding. Then place another half-sized glass plate on the flat glass that needs to be ground, and the glass plate above
A wooden board is glued to the wooden board, and a horizontal wheel made of light hardwood is fixed on the wooden board. This wheel can then move the upper glass plate back and forth, thus forming stable friction between the two glass plates.
In order to increase the friction effect, water and fine sand must be injected between the two glass plates. Raised edge retaining bars must be installed around the grinding table to ensure that the water and sand will not escape.