Several people are checking the production progress of the glass factory, not only flat glass, but also glassware production lines. The orders sent from Guangzhou Station are mainly glass wine bottles of three different sizes. In modern glassware manufacturing, glass bottles
It is automatically blown on an assembly line, and it is easy to produce hundreds of standard bottles of exactly the same size every minute. Bairen Glass Factory still casts them by hand - it should be said that the performance of apprentices in this regard is better than that of some clumsy otakus who time travel.
The crowd is much better - the best record in one day is only about 200.
"It would be best to design an automatic bottle-making production line." Zhan Wuya said, "How many workers are needed to meet the demand if it is made by hand?"
"After the flat glass is defired, you can talk about the manpower." Wang Luobin's face was illuminated by the fire. "The grinding requires much more manpower than making glass bottles."
While he was talking, Li Di led the soldiers of the Marine Company to pull a floating raft from Bo Pu and brought more than ten barrels of things.
"The grinding material has arrived, please sign for it." Li Di breathed out, his body was dripping wet - when crossing the shoal, he had to take the lead and jump off to push the raft to avoid being smashed by the rocks.
"These things are all collected by the navy. Digging out sand is a lot of work. We will be given discounts for whatever we make in the future." Li Di did not forget to make a show of his merits.
"It's easy to say, has the sand been graded?"
"Divide it, from coarse to fine, use the sieve you provided. There are three kinds in total, 3 buckets of each kind. It should be enough for you. There are also 3 buckets of diatomaceous earth."
When grinding glass, first use coarse sand, then fine sand, and then special ultra-fine blue glass abrasives. If you cannot process this by yourself, use the finest sand instead.
After this series of grinding is completed, a roller with handles on both sides is wrapped with a layer of wool felt, and then diatomaceous earth or corundum powder is sprinkled for final polishing and polishing - there are local diatomaceous earth reserves.
The entire polishing process was not only labor-intensive but also labor-intensive, so the glass factory was also one of the earliest users of Watt and Bolton's steam engines. In order to save manpower, the public naturally had to turn to this industrial artifact.
"How are you doing with your steam engine? Our mechanical team plans to imitate one." Zhan Wuya finally openly became interested in Li Di's secret.
Li Di's steam engine is a small steam engine kit obtained from the United States. In the United States, it is a toy for steam engine enthusiasts. It has the same nature as many people playing with ultra-light aircraft components.
"It works, but the horsepower is very small, only 12 horsepower." Li Di said that it took him almost three months to assemble it. The structure is compact and lightweight and can be installed on large rowing boats of the Navy.
The mechanical team decided to take a look at this machine, so the whole team went to Bopu and saw the machine installed in the naval boathouse.
"We can't handle this, so let's start with the simplest watt machine." Zhan Wuya said this after looking at Li Di's machine. The principle of the entire steam engine did not exceed their level of knowledge, but the principles used in it
Many processing methods and materials cannot be supported by the crossing industry.
"This machine is very light, but it's a pity that we can't make it." Zhou Bili said after seeing it, "its boiler is very delicate, the pipes are all made of steel, and many parts are welded..."
"Without welding, how can we make a boiler? There are also high-pressure fire tubes and rubber seals - there don't seem to be many rubber parts, and there are no ready-made specifications available..." Li Di became distressed.
"Damn it, where did you hear these weird rumors?! There is no need for rubber seals to make a steam engine!" Xiao Bailang spat, "Don't talk about Newcomen, Watt's skills are just too much.
Rubber seals were not used in the expansion era, were they?"
"It's really not necessary," Zhan Wuya said. "As for the materials, we don't need any steel. There was no steel at all on the early steam fuselages. It was either pig iron or wrought iron. It can be hammered by hand. Our materials and processing level
It’s enough to make Watt look straight.”
He sighed: "But we don't know how to rivet. Without riveting, we have to weld - we can't afford it." Zhan Wuya is not good at this either - he has a complete set of welding equipment and some consumables.
However, there is no place to replenish welding rods and acetylene, so use a little less.
"Haha, speaking of this riveting, I'm not bragging, I'm probably the only one here who can do it." Zhou Bili said proudly.
"You know how?" Zhan Wuya remembered that this week Billy was just a mechanical maintenance worker, and his major was sheet metal work. Although he was engaged in aircraft maintenance, it was a profession that looked beautiful, but was of little use to the traveling public.
"There are still a lot of riveted joints in aircraft. So I am a little interested and often try it myself." Zhou Billy said.
Riveting is the most widely used metal connection method in the industrial era. It is more convenient, more reliable, and stronger than traditional forging. Especially in the field of shipbuilding, riveting was still the main shipbuilding process until World War II. Even "Yamato"
Such a giant ship is also connected one by one with rivets, and welding technology is only used in a few non-critical parts.
Since the 1950s, welding technology has advanced rapidly, eventually replacing riveting in many fields, so that few people have mastered this technology in modern times. Zhan Wuya remembers clearly that when the Waibaidu Bridge in Shanghai was demolished and renovated, the installation
It took a lot of trouble to find the rivet worker.
"It all depends on you!" Xiao Bailang patted him on the shoulder.
"No, I can't do the riveting work alone. You have to work in a team of 2 to 3 people. You also need special equipment." Zhou Bili gestured.
"Okay, I'll assign a few mechanical workers to learn from you."
Zhou Bili immediately started a learning class in the workshop of the machinery factory, and Zhan Wuya brought over several iron plates and beams for him to demonstrate.
According to the order he issued, the machinery factory first processed and manufactured a complete set of equipment for him: including hammers, stoves with bellows, and rivets.
Generally, the material needs to be mechanically drilled first, and then the plates that need to be connected are overlapped. The riveters usually work in groups of three, and one rivet heating worker. He first heats the rivets in the stove until they turn red, and then uses pliers to remove the rivets.
Pass it to the riveter, who will knock the rivet into the rivet hole.
Due to the poor portability of the stove, when building large rivets, the heating workers would use a throwing method to deliver the rivets. In this way, whether it is throwing or catching, it requires acrobatic skills.
OK.
No matter how big the object to be riveted is, even if it is a super-domestic ship like Yamato, its hull is built by riveting hammer by hammer by riveters in this way.
"How many riveters do we need to train to do this?" Zhan Wuya sighed when he saw that it took them several minutes to get the first rivet hole.
"Take your time, this is also a technical job."
Li Di witnessed this scene and had serious doubts about his expectation of being able to board a 10,000-ton battleship in his lifetime.
Zhou Billy probably saw everyone's disappointment and said: "Don't we have an air compressor?"
"right."
"If you have an air compressor, the riveting work can save a lot of effort. This hammering process can be done with a pneumatic hammer driven by the air compressor. Only one riveter is needed."
"In the future, when the industrial level improves, hydraulic riveting machines can also be used." Zhou Bili said, "But this is difficult, so we will make do by hand first."
The first riveting worker training class began. According to Zhou Billy's request, some children were selected from the apprentices to work as riveting heaters - in the past, heating workers were the job of riveting apprentices.
Mastering riveting technology means that you can manufacture the key component of the steam engine - the boiler.
No matter which form or principle of steam engine is used, a high-efficiency boiler is obviously one of the core components of the steam engine.
The role of the boiler is not only to provide power for the steam engine. The hot water, steam and temperature required in industry all need to be provided by the boiler - the time traveler can maintain a high standard of living is largely due to the boiler. Without
If there is a boiler, the traveler will have to take a cold shower and eat rice full of rice cooked over an open fire...
The principle of the boiler itself is very simple. The carriage-type boiler used in Watt's steam engine was used for almost 150 years and was still functioning until 1850. Of course, its thermal efficiency was very poor.
What the mechanical department planned to imitate was a relatively successful design at the time: the Lancashire double-flue boiler invented in 1844, which was subsequently widely used. After continuous design and minor improvements in materials, it became the basis for modern industry.
It served until the 20th century.
The Lancashire boiler has a large capacity and can provide a stable steam flow. It is a normal pressure boiler and cannot provide high-pressure steam. Therefore, it is relatively weak in evaporation power and is relatively limited in use. However, its technology is simple and mature, and its manufacturing
There is no difficulty - it is riveted with low carbon steel plates, but it can also be made with rolled wrought iron plates, which is of great significance for traversals with limited steel production capacity.
"Why not trial-produce a fire tube or water tube boiler? This is not more difficult than the Lancashire boiler. We can also use the boiler on the boiler machine as a reference."
The fire tube boiler was invented by the Frenchman Seguin and the British Stephenson Company in 1829. It was used on steam locomotives. The fire tube boiler and the subsequent water tube boiler can generate very large steam pressure - which is very important for
It is of great significance to satisfy large ships, locomotives and even power generation.
"Several pot machines are running 24 hours a day, and we won't dismantle them for your reference."
"We don't need to dismantle the fire tube and water tube boilers." Wang Luobin said, "The key is whether the material can pass the test? This is a high-pressure boiler, and there is no reserve of high-pressure boiler tubes. Self-produced steel tubes