() ps: Thank you book friend "Long Xinyue" for your reward again, and continue to ask for recommendation votes ^_^
For "service-oriented state-owned enterprises", as long as the production targets are met, the rewards for over-fulfillment are far less than improving product quality, energy conservation and emission reduction, and technological innovation, and the points deduction for safety accidents is even more severe, so as long as the leaders are not mentally retarded, they will never
In order to increase production or reduce costs, resources will be wasted unnecessarily, the environment will be polluted, or the safety of workers will be ignored.
In addition, because the purchase of raw materials and the sale of products are not controlled by the company itself, corruption is fundamentally restricted."
For example, the amount of raw materials required by an enterprise or even each workshop has been calculated in advance. Unless the production efficiency is greatly improved, corruption will lead to "output substandard" with serious consequences. Which leader?
Are you willing to take the blame? And even if you make a small difference by improving production efficiency, generally speaking, it is better to directly claim credit for the improvement in production efficiency to get recognition and rewards from superiors, especially when production efficiency is improved due to technological innovation.
And because of the inherent flaws of "service-oriented state-owned enterprises", it can only be applied to strategic industries such as military industry and energy that directly affect national security, as well as mining, heavy chemicals, metallurgy, road and bridge construction, etc. or where the pollution is large (especially heavy metals, etc.) which are difficult to control
pollution), or the work is more dangerous, or improper development will cause resource
Industries that cause serious waste or leave major safety hazards. And the sales of these industries are also controlled by the state. Even if business leaders intend to sell privately, it will be difficult to find a market for a while. It may be impossible to say that it is absolutely impossible, but
The difficulty and risks are definitely far greater than the possible benefits, and it’s not like there is no way to make progress, so only idiots are willing to take this thankless path.
Industries such as food, medicine, and construction that are directly related to the safety of people's lives are also of strategic significance to a country, but the wide variety of their products means that they cannot simply be "service-oriented state-owned enterprises." Hu Weidong naturally understands this, but
We still set a red line for the proportion of non-profit state-owned enterprises in each of these industries, which not only brings into play the social benefits of "service-oriented state-owned enterprises" but also does not turn the relevant market into a backwater. For example, service-oriented state-owned pharmaceutical companies mainly produce
That
These old drugs are economically unprofitable but have the greatest demand. This also prevents future generations of China from encountering the dilemma of no one producing cheap and high-quality penicillin due to meager profits; while service-oriented food companies specialize in the production of Wumart.
Cheap, safe and hygienic infant food can at least prevent the emergence of poisonous Nai powder to harm the next generation. As a result, after the emergence of the Internet (even if there were some food safety incidents before, the impact would not be too great), many foreign countries have
People go to China to buy rest assured nai powder
In addition, many schools and hospitals in later generations also had a for-profit nature due to industrialization, which was also common during the Republic of China. However, Hu Weidong was extremely opposed to the industrialization of these two special service industries with strategic significance.
. Therefore, in order to prevent future generations of hospitals from opening
Expensive drugs, imported drugs, etc. not only increase the burden on patients but also waste national foreign exchange, and at the same time may not be of much benefit to patients. Hu Weidong also applies the "service-oriented state-owned enterprises" method to hospitals. Although the drug costs cannot be completely
Exempted, but because it is not the hospital but the government that charges the fee
fu personnel are stationed in the hospital (in order to prevent the formation of a solid interest chain. These personnel must be rotated between different hospitals every six months.), and the hospital's expenses are entirely borne by zheng
Fu allocates funds separately, so doctors will no longer prescribe expensive medicines unnecessarily. Since the cure rate and patient evaluation affect the promotion and bonuses of hospitals, doctors and nurses, they will not be stingy when it comes to using good medicines. This
It is undoubtedly much better than the chaos in later generations in history, and schools, at least those public schools, have also implemented similar "service-oriented" policies, and have almost abolished all the power to charge fees (see the education reform section below for details)
)
Although the "service-oriented state-owned enterprises" later achieved great success, Hu Weidong did not completely cancel the traditional for-profit state-owned enterprises. The for-profit state-owned enterprises in the Central Plains Liberated Areas are mainly divided into three situations. First, they produce and sell daily necessities but should not be completely controlled by "
Service
g. Industries where state-owned enterprises "monopolize the market, such as medicine, textiles, food, automobiles, shipbuilding, aircraft manufacturing, etc.; second, high-tech enterprises established by the state to promote certain new technologies that are not favored by the market. Such enterprises are generally large in size.
Not big, and often become listed after the market is developed.
Joint-stock enterprises held by the state to better adapt to the market; the third are purely profit-making enterprises, mainly tobacco and alcohol, two hugely profitable industries. On the one hand, these are too easy to make money, on the other hand, if these industries develop, they will be beneficial to the country.
It has no substantive benefits for the country and society, but it is harmful to the national health.
Therefore, state-owned enterprises monopolize the domestic market (private companies can also operate if they have the ability to export, but it is difficult for tobacco and alcohol to enter foreign markets). On the one hand, they earn high profits and taxes, and on the other hand, private capital is prohibited from entering these two industries.
And it creates a dead end similar to the ancient "when you have money, buy land"
In addition to these pure state-owned enterprises, there are also joint-stock enterprises in which the state participates in or even controls. Whether listed or not, they are an integral part of the economy owned by the whole people. It is worth mentioning that Taizu’s view on joint-stock systems, especially the highly speculative stock market,
With deep prejudices, Hu Weidong spent a lot of effort and proposed that the stock market does not allow short-term speculation (it must be at least one year after buying the stock before it can be sold, so that investors who buy the stock can only make long-term investments rather than short-term speculation.)
, and foreigners are not allowed to
After you bought it, Shanghai's stock market was preserved.
Due to the large-scale introduction of technology and equipment in the past two years and even the next few years, whether it is the Central Plains Liberated Area or several other liberated areas, the economy owned by the whole people has occupied an absolutely dominant position, and due to the continuous injection of huge amounts of funds and the domestic shortage economy
The current situation and the economic benefits are generally very gratifying, so much so that many people in the party are eager to achieve full public ownership. But this time is too early.
However, Taizu personally expressed his position and pointed out that the existence of private ownership for a period of time has done more good than harm to the national economy. This surprised Hu Weidong. However, in history, Taizu was actually responsible for the sale of inferior and even germ-contaminated first aid equipment to the volunteer army by unscrupulous capitalists during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.
As a result, many comrades were killed, which made them extremely angry and completely despairing of these profit-seeking capitalists, so they decided to fully publicize the country in advance.