"... Saussure regarded language as an entity with two sides. On the one hand, it is an unchangeable rule for the use of symbols fixed by society and culture; on the other hand, it is a language that can be used creatively.
The structure of meaning representation…”
"His explanation of linguistics allows linguistics to develop in two different directions. On a concrete level, linguistics runs along the path of psychology and anthropology. At the same time, it has an axiomatic nature.
Formalist mathematical concepts are naturally introduced into this field..."
"...the mathematician Axel Touré first articulated the abstract formal rules that describe the structure of language. He initially expressed these rules as a 'grammar generation' of the form 'x→y', that is, 'a
Every x in the word can be replaced by y. Touré described "grammar" as "a set of grammars with the above-mentioned forms", and based on this set, he gave a "word problem" based on natural language
', that is, 'determine whether any two words can become each other by using the grammatical generation in the above set'..."
"...Before the birth of computers, mathematicians came to a conclusion. This conclusion, described in the same way as after the birth of computers, is: languages that adopt Touré's grammar are precisely those languages that can use any ordinary computer program
A language generated by designing a language. In other words, a simple grammar is generated that is enough to describe all 'types' - enough to describe all types of formal languages or mechanical languages that the most complex computer programs can describe..."
"...Noam Chomsky made another attempt. He tried to use Tourai's grammar to give a complete characterization of English..."
"Um..." Yuki weakly raised his hand, interrupting Xiang Shan's narration: "Excuse me, what is 'English'?"
Xiang Shan was stunned.
At this moment, he felt something strange. In his rationality, Yuki's words were still meaningful words. But in his sensibility, the "language" skills were stripped away. He felt that he was listening to
There was a cadence of sound waves—other than that, the sound was nothing.
Everyone may have had this feeling. You suddenly feel weird about the syllables of a common word, or you look at the structure of a known common word and feel unusually unfamiliar.
This feeling was infinitely magnified in Xiangshan's heart at this moment.
As if some kind of mysterious veil had been lifted, a certain fact suddenly appeared naked in front of Xiangshan - Yuki didn't know what "English" was.
The language spoken by people in this era belongs to any language of the old era, but does not belong to any language of the old era. It is the result of mixing the residues of countless languages. Its grammar is weird and random.
If a republican in the 21st century were to listen, this language style would be like... "Bodhisattva, according to Prajna Paramita, the heart has no worries, no worries, no fear, stay away from upside-down dreams,
"Ultimate Nirvana. The Buddhas of the three generations, according to Prajnaparamita, achieved Anuttarasamyaksambodhi." This is a mixture of foreign words and weird grammar.
In fact, Xiangshan has never paid attention to this problem. He didn't understand anything when he first woke up. The highly developed Saussure domain gave him unparalleled language learning ability - the ability of every internal skill master in this area,
It was stronger than Ingrid Granat in the age of natural man. What's more, this language was a melted product of the language of the old age. He unknowingly mastered it like his mother tongue.
He never realized this problem.
However, the memory given to him by Tao Enhai passively inspired his memory of Ingrid. The knowledge of linguistics suddenly revived like a sleepless night. The neglected "reality" suddenly slapped him on the face.
——According to naming methods such as "Haitian Creole", is this... a world Creole?
Xiangshan once again caught a sound wave.
it mean……
[Master (questioning tone).]
"Master?" Yuki called again.
"Ah." Xiang Shan responded.
He covered his head. Severe pain hit him again.
Xiangshan realized that he had just unconsciously "offlined" his language function.
Things in human cognition may be far from "nature". In fact, there are no "meaningful words" in the world, only "mechanical waves with air as the medium", but human culture has a specific frequency
The mechanical waves are given "meaning".
Just as there are no administrative boundaries on the earth, simple mechanical waves have no "meaning" either.
Human beings' ability to recognize language allows them to obtain encoded information from a series of mechanical waves. This information will be transformed through a certain function of the human brain.
Those who are successful in internal strength can more actively control this function of their own.
But this is more of a technique used during meditation to calm the mind.
Just now, Xiangshan's function activated uncontrollably. What followed was a headache.
The long sleep (if he is really "Martial Ancestor Xiangshan" himself, then this "long time" may be as high as two hundred years) did not cause damage. Perhaps the concussion during the breakout was also at fault. Xiangshan's brain was indeed damaged by some kind of
Minor trauma. However, after the prosthetic body liberated most of the nervous tissue that controls the physical body, the practice of internal strength "appropriated" these neural tissues. After training, the brain far exceeded what was needed to control the prosthetic body.
Even if there is damage, it will only appear when Xiangshan uses his internal energy at full strength.
And now, as the memories of the founders of internal strength such as Zhu Xinyu and Ingrid are recalled, Xiangshan's internal strength is also rising.
For example, Xiangshan was in a state of "muscle strain on the back of a fat man". This man knew nothing about exercise and did not move his back, so he was not aware of this injury at all.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! But this fat man is actually an athlete who lost his memory. The moment he regained his memory, he began to move his muscles, and then he instantly realized the state of his back.
However, Xiangshan's condition is a little more complicated. After all, what he injured was his brain.
Sometimes, Xiangshan would involuntarily use some internal meditation techniques.
——It’s impossible to fight like this...
This thought flashed through Xiangshan's mind.
【Master...】
Another series of atmospheric vibrations.
Only then did Xiangshan truly switch back to his normal thinking mode.
Yuki asked: "Did you just say 'Creole' to yourself? What is 'English'? What is 'Creole'?"
"'English' is... an ancient language that no one uses anymore?" Xiang Shan held his head: "Creole..."
——Creole language is not such a strict definition. However, as a subordinate concept of "mixed language", it also meets several conditions. First of all, Creole language must go through a special evolution process, that is, "
People who spoke different languages suddenly mixed together, giving birth to a way of communication without grammar," and "their children adopted this way of communication as their mother tongue, thus completing the grammar." Creole languages have obvious characteristics.
, their grammar is very direct and simple. Seychellois Creole, Haitian Creole, and Mauritian Creole are all typical Creole languages. Haitian Creole and Mauritius
The upper language of Creole is "French", so they can understand each other without training...
The memory burst out instantly. It was what he remembered about Ingrid through Tao Enhai's memory.
Of course, Xiangshan couldn't explain according to Ingrid's original introduction, otherwise he would have to face the problem of "what is French?"
But Yuki still doesn't quite understand.
In fact, for him, topics including "Tourai's Grammar", "Word Problem" and "Creole Language Formation" are too advanced.
For Yuki to understand these problems at his current level, it would be a situation like "you have learned the four arithmetic operations, now let's solve a few calculus".
Xiangshan didn't explain it in the end. He just patted Youki on the head: "Okay... you probably don't understand it now. Just remember it. You will use it one day."
Advanced internal strength involves neuroscience, linguistics, mathematics and information science. It is the culmination of these fields. It is the supreme method for human beings to use their cognitive abilities to control the power of computers. If internal strength is practiced to the top, it is bound to be
Know these shining lights of wisdom throughout history.
But that is only needed at the "top level".
The reason why Xiangshan had a sudden idea to fill Yuki with this was because of his sudden increase in memory.
He is sorting out the scattered knowledge in his memory through teaching.
Just like in the past, his partners taught each other and made progress.
Now it seems that the effect may not be very good...
At this time, the original news person came over and said, "Senior, can you talk about this issue in depth?"
At this time, several people were crowded inside the "mule". The sound insulation effect of this place was good. The original reporter was also listening.
For the original news source who is a little older and has a higher level of knowledge, what Xiang Shan described is just scratching the surface. Although she does not know the specific meaning of these contents, she can vaguely realize that this paragraph
It comes from the lost history before the Ascension War, but it points directly to the avenue of internal strength.
Nowadays, these specific contents are difficult to see. Most knights can only see its scaly claws through "word of mouth".
No one told Yuan Wen what happened between Xiang Shan and Tao Enhai in the encirclement. Yuan Wen didn't know Xiang Shan's specific identity. But at this moment, she couldn't wait to bow to Xiang Shan.
The traditional culture of knights comes from the group of pioneers. Therefore, knights value teaching each other. But human energy is limited after all. Knights mostly engage in guerrilla warfare in the form of lone wolves, so one-on-one systematic explanations
There are not many opportunities.
Xiang Shan was silent for a moment again, and then sighed.